Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 19.djvu/671

* TUSSOCK-MOTH. 579 TUTUILA. species are wingless. Twenty species occur in the United States. The group includes some fa- mous enemies of fruit, shade, and forest trees. Two imported species, the gypsy moth (q.v.) and the browntail moth [Euproctis clirysor- rh<ea), do great damage in New Enghind. The hitter species flies during midsummer, when the female lays from 200 to .300 eggs underneath leaves near the tips of branches and covers them with hair. The larvic apjiear in from two to three weeks, and skeletonize the leaves. They also feed on apple and pear fruits. In late Sep- tember they retire into cases formed of leaves, attached to the twigs by silken threads, and remain there until the leaf-buds open in the spring, feeding upon the yoimg foliage, flow'ers, and fruit until .jime, wlien they pupate. The caterpillars when abundant are annoying to hu- man beings from tlic mechanical irritation to the skin caused by their barbed hairs. 'mM^-m TU880CK-MOTH. a. .dulti male o! Hemerocampa leacostigwa ; b, cocoon fastened to the wall, and wingless female carn'ing egg-sac: c, caterpOIar. The white-marked tussock-moth {Hemerocampa leucostiyina) is a well-known enemy of shade and fruit trees in the Eastern United States. The female is wingless, the male small and in- conspicuous. The overwintering eggs are laid in a glistening white frothy mass, attached to the outside of the female's cocoon, which is usual- ly placed on a tree trunk. The young caterpil- lars hatch in the spring and feed upon the leaves. There are two or three generations each year. Winter pruning and burning of the hibernacula of the former species, and summer spraying the larva" of the latter with arsenites, have been rec- ommended. Consult Holland, The Moth Book (New York, 1903). TUTELO, too-ta'16, or TOTEEO. An east- ern tribe of Siouan stock, calling themselves Yesaii, formerly living on the Upper Roanoke and Dan rivers, in Virginia and North Carolina, in close alliance with the cognate Saponi ( q.v. ) . They were first visited in 1670 by the German traveler .Tohn Lederer, who calls them Nahyssan. They were already well acquainted with the Vir- ginia traders, but had then been for ten years at war with the whites. They were visited again the next year by an exploring expedition under Thomas Batts. We hear little of them after this until 1701, when Lawsim found them in what is now central North Carolina, preparing to move to the settlements for protection against the Iroquois, who had driven them from their former villages on the Roanoke. They were then so much reduced in number as to be unable any longer to make defense against their enemies. The refugee tribes were soon afterwards settled by Governor Spotswood of Virginia near Fort Christanna, in what is now Brunswick Comity, Va., where they remained until about 17-10, when, peace having at last been made with the Iroquois, they removed to the north, together with the Saponi, and settled on the Susquehanna at Shamokin, now Sunbury, Pa. Later they were adopted by the Cayuga, thus becoming a com- ponent part of the Iroquois League. Their vil- lage near Cayuga Lake being destroyed by Sulli- van in 1779. they fled with the Cayuga to Canada and found their final home with the Iroquois on the Grand River Reservation, in Ontario, locat- ing on Tutelo Heights, near Brant ford. Success- sive visitations of cholera in 18.32 and 1848 ex- terminated the remnant, and in 1870 there sur- vived but one fullblood. TTTT'ICOR'IN. A seaport in the District of Tinnevelli, Madras, India, 443 miles by rail south by west of the city of Madras, on the Gulf of Manar (Map: India, C 7). The manufacturing establishments are chiefly connected with the cot- ton industry. Pearl-fishing, formerly' the prin- cipal industry, has greatly declined in impor- tance. Population, in 1901, 28,048. TUT'TIETT, M. G. An English novelist, better known under her pen-name. Maxwell Gray (q.v.). TUTTLE, ttit"l, Herbekt (1846-94). An American historian, born at Bennington. Vt. He graduated in 1869 at the University of Vermont, and for some time was a journalist in Boston, Paris, and Berlin. From 1880 to 1881 he was a lecturer on international law at the University of Michigan, and in the latter year was appointed to the chair of politics and international law in Cornell University. He was subsequently trans- ferred to the chair of modern European history, which he held until his death. He published: German Political Leaders (1876); History of Prussia to the Accession of Frederick the Great (1884); and a History of Prussia Under Fred- erick the Great (1888). There is a bio- graphical sketch by Prof. H. B. Adams in the fourth volume of the History of Prussia. TXJTTLINGEN, toot'llng-cn. A town of the Kingdom of urttemberg, Germany, on the right bank of the Danube, 64 miles southeast of Strass- burg (Map: Germany, C .5). It has shoe fac- tories, tanneries, and manufactiires of surgical instruments, cutlery, leather, and woolen goods. Population, in 1900, 13,465. Tuttlingen is his- torically notable as the scene of a battle in 1643, during the Thirty Years' War, in which an Aus- tro-Bavarian force, under HatzfeUl and Mercy, defeated the French. TUTTTILA, too'too-e'li'i. An island of the Samoan group belonging to the United States, and situated 46 miles southeast of Upolu (Map: Guam, D 3). Area, .54 square miles. Its surface is mountainous and picturesque with