Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 19.djvu/670

* TUSKEGEE NORMAL INSTITUTE. 578 property immediately belonging to the school consisted, in addition to the buildings, of 203 1 acres of land, 1100 head of live stock, and more than GO vehicles of various kinds. The object of the institute is to furnish its students, thorough moral, literary, and industrial training, an education fitting them to become the real leaders among the people of their race, and tlius to bring about healthier moral and ma- terial conditions. The institute also aims, through the Phelps Hall Bible Training School, to fit young men and women for the ministry and other forms of Christian work. Its constant purpose is so to correlate the literary and indus- trial training that the students may not get the one without the other. Students are admitted on passing an examination in reading, writing, and the fundamental operations of arithmetic. In- struction is given in two sessions. The day school is intended for students able to pay all or the greater part of their e,xpenses in cash. They at- tend school in the daytime four days each week, and are required to work only six days a month. The night school is designed for students too poor to pay even the small charge made in the day school. Tuition is free. The monthly charge for board and living expenses is $8, of which day-scliool students may work out from $1.50 to $3 a month, while pupils of the night school are allowed to work out at least all of their board for the first six months. In all cases the labor of the students must be satisfactory in order to be accepted as part payment, and no student is paid more than $12 per month in ex- cess of his board, while no part of the wages is paid in cash. The discipline is strict, particularly in ques- tions of morals. The studies of the academic department are closely associated with practical work in the field and shops. The department of mechanical industries includes mainly indus- tries for young men. Instruction and practice are given in architectural and mechanical draw- ing, steam and electrical engineering, blacksmith- ing, brickmaking, carpentry, canning, founding, harness-making, carriage-trimming, machinery, painting, printing, saw-milling, shoemaking, tinsmithing, tailoring, and Avheelwrighting. The indvistries for girls include sewing, dressmaking, millinery, cooking, laundering, domestic service, mattress-making, basketry, and nursing. So far a,s possible the product of the students' work is used in the institute and the surplus is sold. Each department is provided with a good equip- ment for practical work. The printing office, supplied with all needful apparatus, furnishes all the printed matter of the school, and issues a weekly and a monthly newspaper for the insti- tution, beside three others for outside. Many of the school buildings, including the new Car- negie Library, are the product of student labor. In the agricultural department young men are trained to become intelligent and successful farm- ers by theoretical instruction in scientific prin- ciples, and their application in the field, orchard, dairy, and truck garden. To some of the agri- cultural courses women are admitted. Extension work is carried on through the Tuskegee Annual Conference, for the benefit of farmers of the South, and through the P»ussell Plantation work, under the direction of Mr. Booker T. Washington TUSSOCK-MOTH. (q.v. ), who has been the principal of the insti- tute since its foundation. -- -. •>. TUSK-SHELL, or Tooth-Shell. A scapho- pod mollusk of the genus Dentalium, common in the ocean on muddy bottoms at the depth of from ten to fort}' fathoms, as well as in very deep water. The shell is shaped like a gently curved elephant's tusk and is open at each end. The animal has no head, eyes, or heart, though it has a small elongated digging foot. Its genus first appears in the Eocene rocks. These shells were formerly extensively used by the North- west Coast Indians as material for making neck- laces and adorning clothing, and were circulated as a shell money (q.v.), called 'hi-qua.' TUSSAUD, tu'so', M.DAME Marie (Gres- HOLTZ) (1760-1850). Founder of the London waxworks exliibit on Marylebone Road. She was born at Bern, and learned at Paris the art of wax-modeling, in which she subsequently in- structed Madame Elisabeth, sister of King Louis XVI. After a three months' imprisonment dur- ing the French Revolution, she brought to Lon- don her collection, afterwards increased to in- clude about 300 figures. There is connected with it a "Chamber of Horrors," with relics of crim- inals and a collection of instruments of torture. Consult Herv^, Memoirs of Madame Tussaud (London, 1878), which, however, is not alto- gether reliable. TUSSEH, or Tusser. See Silkworm, TUS'SEK, Thomas (c.1524-80). An English rhymer, said by himself to be of gentle birth. He was born at Rivenhall, near Witham, in Essex. He was educated at Eton and at Cambridge. For ten j'ears he was a musician in the service of Lord Paget of Beaudesert, and thus lived at Court, lie then settled for a time as farmer in Suffolk, and thereafter moved about from place to place, eventually dying in a debtor's prison at London. He is remembered for Fii'e Bnndreth Poyntes of Good Husbandry united to as many of Good Hiisiciferii, a homely proverbial poem, to which is prefixed an autobiography in verse (1573). Based upon earlier issues, beginning with a Himdreth Good Pointes of Htisbandrie (1557) and a Bnndreth Poyntes of Good Hus- serie (licensed 1557), this poem went through several editions. Consult the reprints, ed. by W. Payne and S. J. Herrtage for the English Dialect Society (London, 1878). TUS'SILA'GO (Lat., coltsfoot). A genus of plants of the natural order Compositae. Tus- silago Farfara, sometimes called coltsfoot, is the only species. It has solitary flower-heads on scaly scapes, appearing before the leaves in early spring. Both disk and ray flowers are yellow, the leaves heart-shaped, angular, downy beneath, somewhat glutinous and subacrid. The leaves of the butter bur (Petasites officinalis). which has been naturalized from Europe, resemble those of Tussilago, but are much larger; the pale flesh-colored flowers also appear before the leaves, but are in a dense thyrsus. The flowers of both are much sought after by bees. TUSSOCK-MOTH. Any moth of the family Liparida?, a name suggested by the tufts of hairs, often bright-colored, upon the caterpillars. The moths are dull-colored and the females of some