Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 19.djvu/67

* TARRASA. 47 TARSIER. and San Miguel date from the Christian recon- quest, but most of its structures are modern, in- cluding a large royal college, industrial schools, chamber of commerce, and two theatres. The population, in 1900, was 15,872. TARRASCH, tjtr'rash, Siegbert (1862—). A German chess master, born in Breslau. He was educated in medicine at the universities of Berlin and Halle, and practiced his profession in Xuremberg. where in 1883 he won his mastership in chess. His success in chess continued, and at the international tournaments in Breslau (1889), Manchester (1890), and Dresden (1892), he won the first prize with only a single game lost. At the tournament held in 1898 at Vienna he tied with the American, Pillsbury, for first prize, winning on the play-off; and he was sixth at the International jlasters' Tournament held at Monte Carlo in 1902. He became distinguished for careful play and ingenious combinations. An edition of 300 of his games, edited and analyzed by himself, appeared in 1894. TAR'RYTOWN". A village in Westchester County, N. Y.. 25 miles north of New York City; on the east side of Tappan Bay, an expansion of the Hudson River, and on the New York Cen- tral and Hudson River Railroad (Map: New York, G 4 ) . It is picturesquely situated on ground rising from the river and is an attrac- tive residential place. The vicinity of the vil- lage, which has been made famous by Washing- ton Irving (see Sleepy Hollow), is of great interest also through its connection with the his- tor.v of the Revolutionary period. Irving's bur- ial place is in the graveyard of the old Dutch Church, about three-fourths of a mile north of the village. The Dutch Church, dating from 1699, and the Philipse Manor House, built in 1GS3, are the most noteworthy of the older buildings. Other features of Tarr.vtown include Miss Mason's School, familiarly known as the 'Castle,' the Tarrytown Lyceum, with a library of more thin 4000 volumes, the Institution of Mercy (Catholic), and Irving Institute. Drill and automobile works are the leading indus- trial establishments. The government is vested in a president and board o7 trustees, who hold office respectively for one year and two years. The water-works are owned and operated by the village. Population, in 1890, 3562; in 1900, 4770. The name Tarrytown is said to have been de- rived from the hypothetical first settler, one Terry, who came "in 1645. In 1683 Vredryk Flypse (Frederick Philipse) moved here and ten years later secured manorial rights to the ad- jacent territory. ]Iajor Andre was captured here on September 23, 1780. About two miles south of the village, at Irvington, is Sunnyside, the home of Washington Irving. Tarrytown was in- corporated in 1870. Consult: Bacon, Chronicles of Tarrytown and .SVce/ii/ Bollow (New York, 1897) ; and a sketch by Hamilton Wright Mabie in Powell's Historic Towns of the Middle States (New York. 1899). TARSHISH, t.ar'shlsh. According to the Old Testament, a region which was the resort of Phoenician commerce, and the source of valuable mineral products. The earliest mention is in Genesis x. 4. where it is associated with lands probably identical with Crete. CH'prus. and Rhodes. Its special trade was with Tyre, which seems to have had there a colonial factory (cf. Isa. xxii.; Ezek. xxvii. 12, 25), Certain texts, however, seem to oppose this western location. 'Ships <jf Tharshish' are mentioned as starting from Solomon's port at Eziongeber (q.v. ) on the Red Sea (I. Kings x. 22; xxii. 48) ; while the Chronicler (II. Chron. ix. 21; .x. 36-37) makes them go to Tarshish from that point. Hence has arisen the view that the Hebrews and Phoenicians circumnavigated Africa, or else that there was an Oriental land of Tarshish in addition to the Occidental one. 'Ship of Tarshish.' however, is now generally supjrased to mean some kind of large vessel de- signed for distant voyages. It is also possible, as held by some, that Phoenician ships were trans- ported across the Isthmus of Suez. No identifi- cation of this Western Tarshish has yet been ac- cepted by scholars. The oldest view identifies it with the Tartessus of Herodotus (iv. 152), Strabo (ii. 158), and other Greeks, at the mouth of the Guadalquivir, near Cadiz; and the southern part of Spain in general is largely accepted as the region of Tarshish. The location in Spain would agree with the products assigned to Tarshish, silver, iron, lead, while the tin may have been brought thither from the British Isles. Also the jewel called the stone of Tarshish, or simply a tarshish (translated beryl in Exodus xxviii. 20, and elsewhere), may represent one of the numer- ous precious stones found in Spain. On the ground of etymological comparison, the Tyrrhe- nian or Etruscan region is accepted by some schol- ars, and it is to be observed that the term is al- ways used vaguely. Consult: Boehart, Geo- graphia Sacra (Caen, 1646); Ritter, Erdkunde (Eng. trans. Comparative Geography, vol. i., Edinburgh, 1886) ; Meyer, Geschichtedes Al- tertnms, vol. i. (Stuttgart, 1884) ; Renouf, in Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archw- ology, vol. xvi. ; Winekler, Forschungen, vol. i. (Leipzig, 1893) ; Cheyne and W. M. Miiller, in Oricntalische Litteraturzeitung, vol. iii. ; Haupt, in Proceedings of^ Thirteenth International Con- gress of Orientalists. TARSIA-WORK (It., from Gk. Tap<r6,, tar- sos. frame of wickerwork). A beautiful kind of marquetry made in Italy. It is produced by inlaying pieces of tinted or natural woods, so as to represent figures and landscapes. That of Sorrento is very celebrated. It is usually applied to the decoration of cabinet-work, and was largely used during the sixteenth century. TARSIER (Fr. tarsier, from Neo-Lat. Tar- sius, from tarsus, from Gk. Tapa6(, broad sur- face, primarily for drying, also rapabc irocJof, tarsos podos flat of the foot, from ripaeiyftai, tersesthai, to dry), or Malmag. A small East Indian animal ( Tarsius spectrum ), closely re- lated to the lemurs, but set apart in a family Tarsiidfp. which inhabits trees in the Malayan and Philippine archipelago and has the general habits of a lemur. It is nowhere common, is noc- turnal, and feeds upon insects and small reptiles. In size it is about as large as a rat, has a large, broad head, with very large eyes, teeth of a generalized type, very long half naked hind legs and short fore legs, and the long bony toes end in large pads beneath the terminal joints. The tail is long and tufted at the end. It moves about by long leaps from bough to bough. Compare