Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 19.djvu/575

* TRUMPET FLOWER. •497 TRUST. African c-liiiil)iiiy slmib with clusteri-d raci'iups of oranjrf-suai-let llowurs. Tecoina ijrundillora, a rather tender ( liinese and Japanese species, is in common cultivation. Tecoina stuns, a yellow flowered Te.an species, is an ci'ect slirub. The plants are propajjated by seeds, layers, cuttings of well-developed shoots, and most commonly by root cuttings. Species of the closely related genus Bignonia are sometimes also called trum- pet flower. TRUNK-BACK TURTLE. The leather- back (q.v.). TRUNKFISH (so called from its incase- ment, wliieh resembles a trunk), or BoXFlsH. A fish of the order Ostracodermi, and family Ostraciid;e, with a short, cuboid body, covered by a carapace formed of firmly united polygonal bony scutes, the jaws, bases of the fins, and caudal peduncle free and covered by smooth skin. They swim by means of a curious sculling motion of the small dorsal (ins and anal fins, the tail acting as a rudder, while the pectoral fins fan water into the gills. There are about twenty species, all of tropical seas, and dwelling near the bottom, feeding on minute animals. The common trunkfishes. such as the West Indian Lactophrys trigoniis, have the carapace or 'box' three-angled. A somewhat different one {Lacto- phrys tricornis) is the 'cowfish' or 'toro' of Florida and Cuba, and distinguished by the stout spines that form three 'horns' on the head. It ranges to the Cape of Good Hope, reaches 18 inches in length, and makes good food when baked in its shell. See Plate of Plectognath Fishes. TRUN'NION, Commodore. In Smollett's Peregrine Pickle, a retired sailor, the eccentric uncle of the title character. His household is ar- ranged on naval lines and subjected to the dis- cipline of a ship. TRU'RO. A seaport in Cornwall. England, eight miles north of Falmouth, at the junction of the Allen and the Kenwyn with an inlet of the sea called the Truro River (Map: England, A 6). Truro is the centre of a mining district, and exports tin and copper ore. Its cathedral, an Early English structure in granite, conse- crated in 1887, ingeniously incorporates portions of Saint Mary's Church, a Perpendicular edifice of the reign of Henry VII. The grammar school dates from 1546. Anciently called Truera and Truruburgh, Truro was the sea of the Stannery Parliaments of Cornwall, and was a privileged tin coinage town. Population, in 1901. 11.562. TRURO, Thomas Wilde, Baron (1782-1855). An English jurist and Lord Chancellor. He was born in London, was educated at Saint Paul's School, and was trained as a law^-er. In 1805 he was admitted as attorney and for some years practiced as such, but in 1817 was called to the bar as barrister, and in 1820 made himself cele- brated by his deifense of Queen Caroline. In 18.31 he entered Parliament and gradually won for himself as great distinction there as he had won in the courts. In 1839 he became Solicitor-Gen- eral, and in 1841 became Attorney-General, but held the oflRce only a few months. In 184.3 he in- troduced Rowland Hill's plan for postal reforms in the House of Commons, in 1846 was again made Attorney-General on the resumption of ollice by Lord John Russell, and a»few days later was appointed Chief Justice of the Court of Com- mon Pleas. In 18.')0 he was made Lord Chan- cellor and created liaron Truro of liowes, but was relieved by the fall of the Government in 1852. TRUSS (OF., Fr. trousse, from trousser, tc pack, bind, tie. It. torciare, to twist, wrap, tie, from Lat. tortus, p. p. of torqurrc, to twist). An instrument emiiloycd in the palliative treatment of hernia, with tlie view of preventing its de- scent, and in some cases of effecting a permanent cure. It consists essentially of a pad or cushion attached to a metallic spring, with straps so arranged that its position may be retained during the varied positions of the body. The necessity of having recourse to a suitable truss the mo- ment that the slightest protrusion shows itself in any of the parts liable to hernia cannot be too strongly urged. Many varieties of trusses have been devised. The choice of the instrument required in any particular case should be left to the surgeon. See Hernia. TRUST (]ME. trust, frost, trist, tryst, Goth. trausti, covenant, treaty, OHG. trost, Ger. Trost, trust, protection: connected with Eng. true, OPruss. druicis, faith, drtiwit, to believe). In its broadest sense, a legal relation e.xisting be- tween two or more persons such that a court of equity will compel one to hold property or an in- terest in property of which he has the legal title for the benefit of the other or others. The per- son so holding the legal interest in property is called the trustee, and the person entitled to the benefit, or, as is sometimes said, the 'equitable in- terest' in the property, is known as the beneficiary of the trust, or the cestui que trust. The /idei- commissuni (q.v.) of the Roman law, which was a form of trust created by will, has been sup- posed to have been the model of uses, the early form of trust introduced into England by the clergj' as a means of avoiding the operation of the mortmain statutes ( q.v. ) . Another analogy has been found in the Roman idea of usnfructus, or the right of tempoi-ary enjoyment of a thing as distinct from the legal ownership of it. The analogy', however, between uses or trusts on the one hand, and the fidcicoininissnm and the usufruct us on the other, fails in many impor- tant particulars, and it seems most probable that the use is an independent product of English jurisprudence, although its development was greatly aided by the doctrines of the Roman law with which the clergy were familiar. The practice of conveying land to uses, that is, the granting of land to one to be held by him for the benefit of anotlier, seems to have existed as early as the reign of Edward III. Such grants were made by debtors to avoid levy of execution by creditors, and by disseisors to avoid the claims of rightful owners of the land. By thus convey- ing land to another to the use of the grantor, the grantor retained all the benefits of a purely legal ownership, while he divested himself of all its burdens. First, the obligation of the gi-antee to uses to hold the land to the use of his grantor seems to have had only a moral or religious sanc- tion, and, resting as it did upon conscience and good faith, was a proper subject for the then rapidly growing jurisiliction of the Court of Chancery. (See Chanoerv.) There is some evidence that the Chancellor took jurisdiction to