Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 19.djvu/572

* TRUEBA Y LA QITINTANA. 494 TRUMBULL. TRUFFLE, pesinos, the Cueiitos de varios colores, the Nar- raciones jjopulares, the Cuentos de madres e hijos. TRUE BILL. See Ixdictiiext. TRUE INSPIRATION CONGREGATION. See Communistic Societies. TRUFFLE (OF. trufle, trufe, truffe, Fr. tnifff. truffle, perhaps from Lat. tubera, neu. pi., but taken as fern. sg. of tuber, swelling, tumor, tuber). Tuber. A genus of ascom.ycetous fungi of the order Tuberales; globose, or nearly so, of a fleshy substance, with a distinct skin, the whole substance pervaded by a network of serpentine threads {liymeiiixm) which bear the spore-cases in minute cavities. The species, which are not numerous, are very generally diffused in tem- perate parts of the world; they are subterranean, found frequently in groups of 10 to 20 in- dividuals a foot or more below the surface soil. Some of them are among the most highly valued of esculent fungi. The common truffle (Tuber cibarium) is black, and has a roughened surface. Its size varies from that of a large plum to a large potato. On account of its agreeable flavor, it is used in the preparation of many dishes. It is common in the central and southern parts of Europe, chiefly in loose soils, in woods and pastures, as in the pine, oak, and chestnut woods of France and Italy. Other species, as Tuber (estirum. Tuber rubum, and Tuber melanosporum, are found in some parts of France, Italy, and other coun- tries of Europe, and are sought and used in the same manner as the common truffle. Dogs and pigs are trained to seek them, and readily dis- cover by the scent the spot where thej- grow under ground. The stirring of the soil in the gathering of truffles seems to increase productiveness. White truffles {Terfezia leonis) . a species of a nearlj' allied genus, which has also been found in many places, grows half above ground, is pinkish, and is generally as large as a walnut. It is less aromatic than the common truffle, but is used in the same way. As yet edible species are little known in the United States. TRUJILLO, troo-nel'y6 (formerly Truxillo, from Lat. Turris Julii). A town of the Prov- ince of Caceres, Spain, in Estremadura. 24 miles east of the city of CSceres on the main highway from Madrid to Portugal (Map: Spain, C 3). The surrounding country is mountainous, but produces wheat, wines, oil, and fruits ; live stock is raised. The principal nianufaetui'es are choco- late, leather goods, pottery, and delft-ware. There are valuable forests in the vicinity. The town contains many convents and churches, of which the most famous is that of Santa JIaria de la Concepcion, which holds the tomb of Fran- cisco Pizarro (q.v.). The so-called 'Tower of Julius' and other Roman ruins are found in the vieinitv. The population of the a^mntaniiento in 1900 w"as !i:W4. TRUJILLO. or TRUXILLO. A seaport of Honduras, on the Atlantic coast. Bay of Truxillo, 1.37 miles northeast of Tegucigalpa (Map: Central America, E 3). The town was formerly the most important port of Northern Honduras. In recent years much of its trade has been diverted. Population, about 4000. Trujillo was founded in 1523 and was formerly tlie capi- tal of the Republic. Here the celebrated Ameri- can filibuster Walker was captured and exe- cuted in 1858. TRUJILLO, or TRUXILLO. A Peruvian city, capital of the Province of Libertad (for- merly the Intendencia of Trujillo), situated near the mouth of the river Moche, 320 miles north- west of Callao, and connected by rail with its port, Salaverry (Map: Peru, B 5). The town is still surrounded by walls of the seventeenth century. It contains a cathedral, a university, and a theological seminary. It was formerly an important commercial centre, but. as its port is an open roadstead, its trade is now restricted largely to the province. Near it lie the ruins of the Inca city Gran Chimu. Trujillo was founded by Pizarro in 1535, and named in honor of his Ijirthplace. It was destroyed by an earthquake in 1619. Its population in" 1900 was about 8000. TRUL'LIBER, Paksom. A fat and brutal curate, the antithesis of Parson Adams, in Field- ing's Juscph Andrews. TRUM'BULL, Benjamix (1735-182o"). An American clergyman and historian, born at He- bron, Conn. He graduated at Yale in 1759, and was pastor of the Congregational Church at North Haven, Conn., from 1760 initil his death. He served in the Revolutionary Army as chap- lain and as volunteer soldier. He published: Twelve Discourses on the Divine Origin- of the Holy Scriptures (Hartford, 1790) ; General His- tory of the United States of America (Boston, 1765-1810) ; and a painstaking and excellent nislor/i of Connecticut from 16,30 till 1713 (Hartford, 1797). TRUMBULL, Henbt Clay (1830-1903). An American clergy-man and author, born at Ston- ington. Conn., and educated at Williston Semi- nary, at Yale, and at the University of New Y'ork. He was ordained a Congregational min- ister, served as chaplain of the Tenth Connecti- cut Regiment in 1862-65, and was in several Confederate jjrisons. In 1875 he became editor of the Sunday School Times. His publications include: The Kniqhtly Soldier (1865); Kadish- Barnea (1883) ; Teaching and Teachers (1884) ; Principles and Practice (6 vols. 1889) ; Studies in Oriental Social Life (1894) ; War Memories of an Army Chaplain (1898); and Old-Time Stu- dent Volunlecrs (1902). TRUMBULL, .James Hammoxd 11821-97). All eminent American philologist, horn in Ston- iiigton. Conn., and educated at Yale, Feeble health prevented the completion of his college work as well as his entering upon active pri>- fessi<inal life. After 1847 he was a resident of Hartford. From 1847 to 1852 and again from 185S to 1S61 be was Assistant Secretary of State, and from 1861 to 1865 was Secretary of State, of Connecticut. He was among the foremost of American philologists, and was a well-known writer on historical subjects of local interest. He also made a thorough study of the Indian tongues, and prepared a glossary of Eliot's Indian Bible. He was the State librarian in 1854-56, and from 1863 until his death was librarian of the Watkinson Library of Hartford;