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* TROY. 491 TROYES. of transportation is aflforded by the Erie and the Champlain canals on the opposite side of the river. Four bridges here span the Hudson, including that of the Delaware and Hudson Rail- road and the Congress Street Bridge ; also the Waterford Bridge, finished in 1804, the oldest wooden covered bridge in the United States. Troy is situated partly on level ground along the river front, the site rising to the east in a range of hills, the highest elevation being Mount Ida. The city is regularly laid out. There are 140 acres in the parks open to the public, of which Benian Park is the most important. Besides this, the city has acquired a new park site on War- ren's Hill overlooking the Hudson. Lagoon Island, in the Hudson, midway between Troy and Albany, is a popular resort, with bath houses, athletic grounds, and, other features. The Soldiers' and Sailors' Jlonument is in Washington Square. Oakwood Cemetery is of interest for its natural beauty: it lias also a number of fine monuments and the Earl ilemorial Chapel, one of the finest crematories in the world. Among edifices of note are the court-house, post-ofiiec, the savings-bank building with the music hall, the Rowe Memorial building, and the Hart Memorial building. Tro}' is the seat of the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (q.v.), one of the leading schools of its class in the country, and of the Emma Willard Seminary, one of the first schools established for the higher education of women. There are several libraries in the city. The Troy Hospital and the Samari- tan Hospital are important charitable institu- tions; there is a fine orphan asylum in the Eng- lish style of the fifteenth century; the Gurley Memorial and the Sage Memorial may also be noted. Industriallj', Troy ranks fifth among the cities of the State, its manufacturing establishments in the census year 1000 having had $23,532,000 capital and an output valued at $28,209,000. It enjoys the advantages of good water power, ob- tained partly from the State dam across the Hudson above the city, and of excellent transpor- tation facilities, its railroad lines being supple- mented by two great waterways, the Hudson River and the Erie Canal. The city is well known for the manufacture of shirts, collars, and cuflFs, having been long the principal centre in the United States for the production of these goods. Other important manufactures are iron and steel, foundry and machine shop products,' laundry machinery, engineering instruments, bells, malt liquors, hosiery and knit goods, paper and wood pulp, paints, brick and terra cotta products, and Houring and grist mill products. Among metal products stoves occupy a promi- nent place. Troy is governed under the regular State char- ter for cities of the second class, which went into operation January 1, 1900. The government is vested in a mayor and common council, elected every two years, and in various administrative departments, for further explanation of which see paragraph on Admiiiistrntioii under Alb. t. The comptroller, treasurer, police justices, and as- sessor are chosen by popiilar election ; other offi- cials are appointed by the mayor. The city clerk is elected by the common council. More than $1,- 000.000 is spent annually by the city for main- tenance and operation, the principal items beins: Schools, about $215,000; streets, $125,000; police Vol. XIX.— 32. department. $112,000; hospitals, asylums, and other charitable institutions, .$89,000; municipal lighting, $83,000; interest on debt, $83,000; wa- terworks, $77,000; fire department, $64,000. The water-works, which represent an outlay of $1,850,774, are the propcrtj' of the municipality. The net debt of the city in 1902 was .$2.078..')34 ; the assessc<l valuation of real and pers(jnal prop- erty, $50,924,599. The population, in 1800, was 4926: in 1850, 28,785: in 1870, 4(,4ri5: in 1880, 56,747; in 1890, 00,956; in 1900, 60.651. The village of Lansingburg, which in 1900 had a populatio'n of 12,595, became a part of Troy on January 1, 1901. The site now occupied by Troj' was included in the Van Rensselaer grant of 1629, and in 1059, with the consent of the patroon, was bought from the Indians by Jan Barentsen Wemp. In 1720 Derick Van der Heyden ol)tained possession of a large farm here, and it was on this farm, still owned bj' the Van der Heyden family, that a tow'ii, most of whose early settlers were New Englaud- ers, was laid out in 1787. The place was called Van der Heydeu's Ferry and Ashley's Feriy until 1789, when the present name was adopted. In 1794 Troy was incorporated as a village, and in 1816 it was chartered as a city. Consult: Weise, Troy's One Hundred Years (Ti-oy, 1891). TROY. The county-seat of Miami County, O., 80 miles north by east of Cincinnati, on the Cincinnati. Hamilton and Dayton Railroad (Map: Ohio, B 5). Farming is the leading in- dustry of the surrounding country. There ;>re manufactures of carriages, wagons, bentwood, dashboards, and iron and lumber products. The water-works and the electric light plant are owned b_y the municipalitv. Population, in 1890, 4494; in 1900, 5881. TROYES, trwii. The capital of the Dejiart- ment of Aube, France, on the left bank of the Seine, 104 miles by rail east-southeast of Paris (Map: France, K 3). It presents a quaint, media-val appearance, most of the houses being of the timbered kind. The fine Cathedral of Saint Pierre (thirteenth to sixteenth century), with a splendid rose wimlow, is in the Flamboyant style. The small Church of Saint Urbain, founded by Pope Urban IV., is a charming example of the thirteenth-century CJothic. La Madeleine has a superb rood screen. Saint Jean (fourteenth to sixteenth century) is noteworthy for its stained glass and its two paintings by Mignard. Saint Nicolas and Saint Pantaleon are both in the Gothic style of the sixteenth century. In the old Abbey of Saint Lupus are the public library (110,000 volumes and 2800 manuscripts) and an interesting museum. The monument to the chil- dren of Aube, in commemoration of the Franco- German War, was erected in 1900. The chief in- dustry is the manufacture of cotton and woolen stockings. There is a school of hosiery. The Seine is canalized here and divides into several arms in the city. Population, in 1901, 53,146. The capital of the Celtic Tricasscs, Troyes was the Roman Augustobona (later Trecce). The town was the capital of the counts of Cham- pagne, and early rose to importance as a centre of trade. The treaty of 1420. which provided for the succession of Henry V. of England to the French throne, was signed here. Jeanne d'Arc took the town in 1429, and a century later it was partly destroyed by diaries V. The revoca-