Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 19.djvu/562

* TROUT. 488 TEOWBRIDGE. trout. The brook trout {Salvelinus fontinalis) is the best known, abundant in all clear, cold streams of Eastern North America south to the headwaters of the Savannah. It differs from the other species of the genus in its back being strongly marbled with olive and black. It has been introduced into the Western streams; and many hybrids between this and the rainbow trout and "other species exist. Its extreme length may be 18 inches, but it is usually much smaller. It is a favorite for its gamy qualities and for its flavor. See Colored Plate of Game Fishes. The Dolly Varden trout (q.v.), or malma, is a native of Northwestern America, and has red spots on both back and sides. The oquassa trout {Salvelinus oquassa). 'quasky' or 'blueback,' is a small trout of the Rangeley group of lakes in western Maine, dark blue, with small red spots, usually confined to the sides. Similar and still smaller varieties of this most beautiful of the trout exist in the lakes of Quebec and in those of subarctic America. The European brook trout (Salvelinus alpinus) has the red spots only on the sides, and the mouth is rather smaller than in the preceding. It oc- curs in the cold lakes and mountain streams of Northern Europe and Asia, and in Northeastern North America. It is variable and is repre- sented by several varieties — such as the Green- land char, the long-finned char, and the sunapee or golden trout. The last named is very local in its distribution, having been taken in Siina- pee Lake and a few other lakes in New Hamp- shire and Maine. It is highly prized because of its brilliant colors and graceful form. Much un- certainty remains as to its origin and relation- ship. It has strong affinities with the European form and by some is considered to have been in- troduced from there. Much pains is being taken to increase this species by artificial propagation and transplantation. See Fish Culture. There are other species of trout of minor im- portance both in America and Europe and Asia; and many fishes not truly trout are locally so called. Compare Salmon ; Grayling. Consult authorities cited under Angling; Fish; Salmon; and Jordan and Evermann, American Food and Game Fishes ( New York, 1902 ). See Plates of American Game Fishes; Sal- mon; Trout and Grayling. TROUT FISHING. With the possible ex- ception of the black bass, there is no fish that affords more sport to the angler or that is found over a greater range of country than the brook trout. It may be taken with the fly or with bait, but the former method is considered gen- erally the more sportsmanlike. In bait fishing, the trout is likely to be killed or badly injured, whereas in fly fishing tlie fish generally is hooked in the lip and can be returned to the water unharmed. In lakes and ponds in sum- mer time, when the surface of the water be- comes warm, trout make for deep water, and bait must be used. It is impossible to do more than give the general rules controlling the selection of flies: In size, the fly should be selected to meet the condition of the water rather than the size of the fish; thus, if late in the season and the water of a clear stream is low, sober- colored flies on No. 10 or 12 hooks are usually the best. See Fishing; Fly-Casting. TROUT-PERCH. One of the small fishes of the North American family Percopsidie, rep- resented abundantly in the Great Lakes by the 'sand-roller' (Pcrcopsis guttatus) and by a sec- ond genus and species in Oregon. This family constitutes the suborder Salmopercie; the form of the body and the head and mouth are perch- like, while the fins are salmon-like. These fishes are of particular Interest because of their re- lationship with generalized arcliaic forms, of which they seem to be the survivors. Consult .Jordan and Evermann, Fishes of Xorth and Mid- dle America (Washington, 1896). TROUVERE, troo'var' (Fr., from trouver, to find, compose). The Northern French term an- swering to the Provencal troubadour (q.v.), ap- plied usually to the original poets who composed the works which the jongleur performed. The dis- tinction, however, is not absolute, as there are instances of trouvferes who performed their own works, and occasionally of jongleurs who aspired to composition. The trouv6re was usually a man of some rank and standing, either priest or knight. See Jongleur; French Literature. TROUVILLE, troo'vel'. A fishing town and seaside resort of the Department of Calvados, France, at the mouth of the Touques, 136 miles by rail west-northwest of Paris, and 9 miles south of Havre. It has risen from a humble fishing village to the rank of the most fashionable watering-place in France. Its equable climate, agreeable situation, remarkably fine beach, and many handsome villas make it an ideal re- sort during the summer and autumn months. There are a Louis XIII. Hotel de Ville and a large and well-appointed casino. The harbor is thronged with fishing boats, and there is some trade. Population, in 1900, 6137. The port is shared with Deauville, a small but well-known sea-bathing resort, a short distance southwest, with a casino. The August races here are attended by the leading circles of Parisian society. TROVER (OF. trover, trouver, to find, com- pose). One of the old forms of action in com-- mon-law pleading, employed to recover dam- ages for the wrongful conversion of personal property. It is based upon a fiction that the plaintiff has lost his chattels and that the de- fendant has casually found them, but refuses to deliver them to the plaintiff. Although this fictitious statement must be made in the declara- tion, it need not be proved, and the plaintiff may recover damages on proof of a conversion of his property. Any interest which will entitle a person to the possession of goods is sufficient to nuiintain this action. See Forms of Action; Common Forms. TROWBRIDGE. A market town in Wilt- shire. England, on a rocky eminence in the valley of the Biss, 10 miles southeast of Bath (Map: England, D 5). Cassimeres, kerseys, tweeds, and woolen cloths of the best qualities are manu- factured. The parish church of Saint .James, which dates from the fourteenth century, con- tains the remains of Crabbe, the poet, who officiated as clergyman from 1814 to 1832. There are a fine modern town hall and many hand- some villas, the residences of wealthy manu- facturers. The town owes its origin to nn an- cient castle, built on the mound called Courthill,