Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 19.djvu/551

* TROGUS POMPEIUS. 479 TROLLING. oiiie of it by Justin is still extant, lu addition to the historical narrative, the work is said to have contained interesting accounts relating to geogra- phy, ethnography, and natural science. Trogus is said to have written several zoological and botanical works, based largely on the works of Aristotle and Theophrastus. Consult: Heeren, C'oiinncntationes de Trviji I'ompeii cjusque Epito- mtitoris Justini Foiitihus ct Aiictoritate, printed in Frotscher's edition of Justinus (Leipzig, 1827- 30) ; and Crohn, De Tragi apud Antiquos Auciori- tute (8trassburg, 1882). TRO'ILUS (Lat., from Gk. Tpw/os). A son of Priam, or of Apollo, who was slain bj' Achilles. TROILUS AND CRES'SIDA. A drama by Shakespeare, probably originally written about lt)02 and revised before l(i09, when it was printed in two editions. The sources were probably Chaucer, Le Ffevre's Recuyen of the Histories of Troye, Lydgate's Troy-Book, and perhaps Chap- man's Homer, partly translated in 1597. TROIS MOTJSQUETAIRES, trwa mus'ke- tar', Les (Fr., The Three Jlusketeers). A romance by Dumas ( 1844). The scene is laid in the time of Richelieu, in whose att'airs the three famous guardsmen Athos. Porthos, and Aramis and their companion D'Artagnan take part. TROITZK, tro'itsk. A town in the Govern- ment of Orenburg, Russia, on the Uya, 394 miles northeast of Orenburg (Map: Russia, K 4). It has a 'barter court,' where an extensive barter trade with the Kirghizes and other tribes is transacted. Population, in 1897, 2.'5.100. TROJAN WAR. A famous legendary war, generally placed about the beginning of the twelfth century B.C. ; undertaken by the Greeks for the recovery of Helen, wife of King Jlene- laus of Sparta, who had been carried off by Paris, son of the Trojan King, Priam. At the marriage of Peleus and Thetis, Paris had ad- judged the golden apple thrown by Eris, and in- scribed "For the Fairest," to Aphrodite, there- by securing Helen by her favor and bringing down on the Trojans the lasting wrath of the slighted Hera and Athene. The expedition to avenge the injury to Jlenelaus was placed under the command of his brother, Agamemnon, King of Argos, and was joined by the Greek heroes, including Achilles, Patroclus, the two Ajaxes, Tencer. Nestor, Odysseus, Diomedes, and Ido- meneus. They assembled at Aulis with 100.- 000 men and 1186 ships and proceeded to Troy, where their demand for the return of Helen was refused. The siege was then begun. It lasted ten years and terminated only by treachery, when the Greek warriors were introduced into the city in the interior of a great wooden horse. The sack and burning of Troy follow, with the escape of ,Eneas, whose progeny were to be the founders of Rome. The story of the war is told in various classical epic poems, of which the Hind is the most fa- mous. It terminates with the death of Hector, the principal hero of the Trojans. The Little Hind, ascribed to Lesches of Lesbos, was com- posed about B.C. CfiO. In four books it gave the story of the contest of Odysseus and Ajax, son ' of Telamon. for the armor of Achilles, the deaths of Ajax, Paris, and Eurypylus, the stealing of the Palladium, and the construction of the wooden horse. At this point the legend was taken up by the Iliou I'ersis or Nuck of Troy, by Arctinus, in two books, ending with the escape of Polyxena at the tomb of Aciiilles. The Nostoi (Returns), attributed to Agias of Trav.en, in five books, told of the wanderings of Jlenelaus, Calchas, and Neoptolemus, and the nuirder of Agamemnon. The Teleyonia, by Euganunon of Cyrene, related various adventures of Odysseus after the slaying of the suitors, his death at the hands of his son Telegouus, and the latter's marriage to Penelope. The legendary history of Troy before the Tro- jan War, like other Greek myths, varied much in details. It was said that the place owed its name to Ilus, sou of Tros, son of Dardanus. Its walls were built by Poseidon for Laomedon. who, however, cheated the god of his promised reward. Hercules rescued Hesione, the daughter of Lao- medon, from the sea-monster to which she had been exposed, but was likewise cheated by the King, whereupon he and Telamon attacked and captured the city. The Trojan legend was very popular in the Middle Ages, and formed, with the Charlemagne story and the Arthurian traditions, one of the three great divisions into which the work of the French romance-writers falls. Celtic legends tell of a certain Brutus who, driven from Troy, founded Brutannia or Britannia. Geoffrey of Slonmouth calls him a great-grandson of .Eneas. The spread of the legend is due mainly to Be- nolt de Sainte-More. The gist of the Uind was used in the Latin of Dictys of Crete and by Dares the Phrygian. Bonoit knew both Dictys and Dares, but preferred the drier account of the latter, in which the people of the West were re- ported to descend from the Trojans. This was used about 1200 by Herbart von Fritzlar, and about 1250 by Konrad von Wiirzburg; before 1288 Guido dclla Colonna had recast it in Latin prose. Benolt's version may also be traced in BoQca.ccio's Filostrnto (1344). This is the main source of Chaucer's Trm/lus and Cryseifde (c. 13(59), as that is of Shakespeai'e's play. Consult: Dunger, Die Hnije roni trojniiischeii Kriegc in den Benrbeitiingen dcs Miitelalters (Dresden, 1869) ; Saintsbury, The Flourishing of Romance and the Rise of Allegory (London, 1897). TROLLEY (from troll, from OF. trollrr. trau- ler, trolcr, Fr. trolcr, to ramble, stroll, drag about, probably from MHG.. Ger. trollen, to roll, nm, and connected with Welsh trocll, wheel, pulley, Bret, trocl, winding plant, tro, circle). A word first coined in England, and there used in the sense of a handcart and then of a truck. In the Ignited States it means a sort of pulley in contact with an overhead wire and coimeeted with a rod or flexible conductor, by which an electric current is transmitted to the motor of a street-car or electric locomotive. See Elec- tric Railways. TROLLING. A form of angling. Some troll- ing is from a boat, the rowing of which gives impulse to the line: others troll from the river or lake bank, winding in the bait with the reel, and still others troll in the surf, where the cur- rent of tides or undertow of the sea carries the bait. Whichever form is adopted, the lure is a spoonbait, or live or artificial fish or frog. The bait spins in passing through the w-ater, and