Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 19.djvu/538

* TRINIDAD. 468 TKINITY. rcmarkabie for its variety and beauty. Trini- dad may be considered agriculturally one of the most successful of the British possessions in the West Indies. Originally sugar was the leading product of the soil. With the decline of the sugar industry the planters of Trinidad turned their attention to the cultivation of cacao, which is at present the staple of the island. Sugar is still cultivated to a large extent, the ex- ports of that article for 1901 being valued at £452,210. Besides cacao and sugar, Trinidad produces coffee, cocoanuts, and various kinds of fruit. Commercially it occupies the foremost position among the. British West Indian Islands. In 1901 the total value of the trade exceeded the sum of £5,091,000, about equally divided between exports and imports. The island has about 80 miles of railway. Trinidad, together with To- bago (q.v.), is administered by a Governor as- sisted by an executive council of 7 members and a legislative council of 20 members, all nominat- ed by the Governor. Education is largely sub- sidized by the Government. The finances of the island are in good condition, the budget bal- ancing at about £050,000. The revenue is de- rived chiefly from customs receipts. The public debt of the colony amounted in 1902 to £992,286. The population was 255,148 in 1901. It consists chiefly of the descendants of the slaves imported from Africa by the sugar planters. There is also a considerable number of coolies, while the whites form an insignificant part of the popula- tion. Port of Spain, the capital of Trinidad, had a population in 1901 of 54,100. Trinidad was discovered by Columbus in 1498 and was orrginally colonized by the Spaniards, who, how- ever, soon abandoned it. In the eighteenth century Spain renewed her interest in Trinidad, but was soon expelled by Great Britain, to whom it was formally ceded in 1802, in accordance with the Treaty of Amiens. Consult: Fraser, Eistorti of Trinidad (London, 1894) : Eversley, The Trin- idad Reviewer (ib., 1900) ; Fiske, History of the West Indies' (New'York, 1899) ; Root, The Brit- ish West Indies and the Sugar Industry (London, 1899). TRINIDAD. A small, rocky, and uninhab- ited island situated in the South Atlantic Ocean in latitude 20° 31' S., longitude 29° 20' W., about 750 miles east by north of Rio de Janeiro (Map: World, Western Hemisphere, M 18). It row belongs to Brazil. TRINIDAD. A town in Cuba, in the Prov- ince of Santa Clara, situated about 45 miles southeast of Cienfuegos and 5 miles from its port, Casilda (Map: Cuba, F 5). It is within easy reach of three ports and is of considerable commercial importance. It is one of the most healthful places on the island. Coffee, formerly the chief article of export, is gradually giving place to sugar. Trinidad was founded by Ve- lazquez in 1513, and on account of the repeated at- tacks by buccaneers was removed from the coast to its present site. Population (municipal dis- trict), in 1899, 24,271. TRINIDAD. The eoiinty-seat of Las Animas County, Col., 90 miles south of Pueblo; on the Denver and Rio Grande, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe, and the Colorado and Southern railroads (Map: Colorado, E 3). It has a pub- lic library, Saint Joseph's Academy, and Saint Raphael's Hospital. Trinidad is the centre of large cattle-raising and farming interests, and is extensively engaged in coal-mining. There are also railway shops and bottling works. The government is vested in a mayor, cliosen every two years, and a imieameral council. The water-works are o«ied and oi)erated by the municipalitv. Population, in 1890, 5523; in 1900, 5345.' TRINITARIANS (from trinity, Lat. trini- tasK number three, trinity, from trinus, three- fold, from tres, three). The name most com- monly applied in English to the members of the Order of the Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captives, a Roman Catholic religious society founded by Saint John de Matha (1160-1213) and Saint Felix of Valois (1127-1212). Devoted to the work of freeing Christian captives among the infidels, they soon received the approbation of Pope Innocent III. and the permission of Philip Augustus to settle in France. The head- quarters of the Order were fi^ed at Cerfroy, near La Ferte-Milon. in the present Department of Aisne, and the Pope gave them a second convent in Rome. Their first journey resulted in the liberation of 186 captives, who were brought to Paris amid great rejoicings. While Felix re- mained at home, caring for the Order's develop- ment, John made numerous journeys to North Africa and the coast of Spain. Later, the Trini- tarians erected houses for the care of penniless captives after their release, and some of them accompanied the Crusaders to minister to their spiritual needs; they penetrated even to India and Tartary in search of the objects of their charity. It is estimated that in si.x centuries at least 900,000 ])risoners recovered their free- dom through the work of this Order. The Order spread rapidly, first through France and Spain, until in the fifteenth century it count- ed 880 houses ; the number diminished from various causes until at the beginning of the eighteenth century there were only 250. The present members are chiefly occupied with other works of mercy, especially the care of the sick, although in the nineteenth century they devoted considerable labor to the work for negro slaves. Besides several branches, due to various reforms, among the male Trinitarians, there were also two female branches, and a third Order of associates who labored for the cause and had a simple rule of life adapted to persons living in the world. Consult: Carlier, Les Trinitaires de la redemp- tion (Lille, 1866) ; P&re Calixte de la Provi- dence, Tie de Saint FHix de Valois (3d ed., Paris, 1878) : id.. Vie de Saint Jean de Matha (2d ed., ib., 1884) ; id., Corsaires et R(^deniptcurs (Lille, 1884). TRINITY. A port of entry on Trinity Bay, Newfoundland, the capital of 'Trinity District, 61 miles northwest of Saint John's (^Mnp: New- foundland, G 4). It has important fishing in- dustries and a fine harbor. The bay is the land- ing point of the Atlantic cables. Population, in 1901. 1459. TRINITY. A river of Texas, formed by the union, near Dallas, of the two forks which rise near the northern boundary of the State (Jlap: Texas. G 4). it flows southeast through a fertile and well-timbered region, and empties into Galveston Bay about 40 miles north of the