Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 19.djvu/527

TRIEST. in the manner of an amphitheatre along the acclivity of the Karst (q.v.). The old town, with its narrow, crooked, and steep streets, lies at the base of the Castle Hill and between it and the gulf. In its northwestern corner, close to the water, is the Tergesteo, whose cruciform arcades, rooted with glass, are used for the exchange. Near by are the two leading squares, the Piazza della Borsa and the Piazza Grande. From this vicinity the Corso, the principal street, extends eastward, separating the old town from the new quarter, where broad avenues lead up toward the inclosing hills. On the west side of the Castle Hill, in the old town, the cathedral occupies a conspicuous site where a Roman temple once stood. It is a composite structure, dating from the fourteenth century. It was formed by joining three ecclesiastical edifices, which had stood there since the sixth century. On the Piazza Grande are the splendid new municipal buildings. Triest has a Museo Lapidario, an open-air museum of Roman antiquities, occupying an old cemetery. The town possesses a nautical academy containing the municipal museum, with Roman antiquities, and the Ferdinand-Maximilian Museum, remarkable for its collection of Adriatic fauna.

Toward the southern end of the city is the Museo Civico Revoltella, in the palace of that name. Near by stands the fine bronze monument to Maximilian of Mexico by Schilling. From this point leading south and following the curve of the gulf extends the Passeggio di Sant' Andrea, affording fine views for more than three miles, and reaching the vast wharves of the Lloyd Company. The public gardens are on the northeast of the city. Among the attractions of Triest is the famous Château of Miramar, situated on the sea to the northwest, which belonged to Maximilian. It has a lovely park and offers beautiful sea views. The city contains a Greek church with rich decorations. a Jesuit church, and a Capucliin convent. There are a university, a royal academy with an observatory, a public library with over 50.000 volumes, and the literary Società della Minerva.

The harbor, the main attraction of Triest proper, has been greatly extended and improved. There are a number of moles and an immense breakwater. The Canal Grande (only 400 yards long) penetrates the city north of the Corso, and permits vessels to load and unload at the warehouses. Triest has a naval arsenal and is the storehouse for the Imperial Navy. Since 1891 the whole town, except the harbor proper, has been inside the customs limit. Triest has of late years found a dangerous rival in the Hungarian port of Fiume. but its commercial preeminence is vigorously supported by the Austrian Government. Nearly 20.000 vessels visited the harbor in 1901, with a total tonnage in and out of 4,560.000, with cargoes valued at $127.000,000. Corn, oil, wine, and many other products are heavily dealt in. The local mercantile fleet is large. At the Austrian Lloyd shops many vessels are annually constructed, and over 3000 men are employed. Triest builds ships of all varieties, and manufactures marine steam engines, cables, furniture, silks and cottons, clothing, liquors, wax-lights, soap. etc. The population in 1900 was 134.143. The Italians largely predominate.

. Triest is the Roman Tergeste. It has belonged almost uninterruptedly to Austria since 13S2. It was made a free port in 17119 by Charles VI., which date marks the beginning of its importance. It finally became the commercial rival of Venice. Consult: Löwenthal, Geschichte der Stadt Triest (Triest, 1857-59); Scussa, Storia cronografica di Trieste (ib., 1885-80).

TRIFAIL, trē&#x34F;&#x307;'fīl. A town in Styria, Austria, on a tributary of the Save, 66 miles southwest of ilarburg. Trifail has one of the most productive mines of lignite in Austria. There are large cement, chemical, and glass works. Population, in 1900, 10,851.

TRIFOLIUM. See.

TRIFO'LIUM (ML., from Lat. tres, three + foris, door, opening), or. The arcade opened up in the wall of the nave of a mediæval church immediately above the vaults of the side aisles and under the line of clerestory windows. The name was derived from the custom of dividing each bay of this gallery into three arches, though this was by no means the constant rule, early galleries having often a single arch and later ones having two, four, or more arches in each bay. The triforium was usually inserted between the summit of the aisle vault and the top of its slanting roof, but in developed Gothic the roof-line was often changed so as to let light into the gallery. While not unknown in Romanesque architecture, this was especially valuable as a feature of Gothic interiors. The earlier Gothic churches had higher galleries, especially in England, on account of the high Norman galleries; and during the thirteenth century the French Gothic diminished their size and usefulness, retaining them mainly for decorative purposes and as blind or semi-blind galleries, whereas at first they could be used by the congregation.

TRIGGER-FISH. One of the fishes of the plectognath family Balistidæ, characterized by an ovate body covered with large rough scales, and the fact that the first spine of the anterior of the two dorsal fins is high and very strong, and may be lifted, when it is locked erect by the spine behind it; whence the name. About fifty species are known, mainly in the Indo-Pacific region, where they become rather large and remain near shore; some are herbivorous, others carnivorous. Their flesh is rarely eaten, as it is reputed poisonous, and in some cases, at least, does produce death with muscular spasms and extreme suffering. Several species of the genus Balistes inhabit the American tropics, of which one, the cicuyo, or leather-jacket (Balistes Carolinensis), is very common in the Gulf of Mexico and on our South Atlantic coast, and also in the Mediterranean Sea. See Plate of.

TRI'GLYPH (Lat. triglyphus, from Gk., three-grooved, from , treis, three + , glyphein, to carve). In the Doric frieze, the projecting block between the metopes (q.v.). It is supposed to represent the ends of the beams in the original structure of wood and crude brick. Its face regularly contains two triangular, vertical furrows, and the edges are chamfered.

TRIGO'NIA (Neo-Lat. nom. pi., from Gk., trigonos, triangular, from ,