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* TAPPAN. 32 TAB. from imprisonment in Baltimore, and the ac- quaintance which followed led to Tappan"s iden- tifying himself completely with the Abolition cause. In 1833 he was one of the organizers of the New York Anti-Slavery Society and of the Amerioaij Anti-Slavery Society, of both of which organizations he became the first president. In 1840 he became president of the New American and Foreign Anti-Slaverj' Society, which was or- ganized by those anti-slavery men who disagreed with the Garrison party, and believed in carrying the slavery question into politics and forming a political party for that purpose. He was there- fore much interested in the Liberty, Free-Soil, and Republican parties. lie spent the latter years of his life in retirement in New Haven. Consult Lewis Tappan, The Life of Arthur Tup- pan (1871). TAPPAN, Lewis (1788-1873). An American merchant and reformer, brother of Arthur and Benjamin Tappan, born in Northampton, JIas3. He became largely interested in cotton manu- facturing and calico-print works in Boston, but in 1827 he removed to New York City. Thereafter his career was closely identified with that of his brother Artliiu-. In 1827 they established to- gether the Journal of Commerce, of which Lewis Tappan became the sole proprietor in 1829. In 1833 he was one of the organizers of the New York (City) Anti-Slavery Society. In July, 1834, his house was sacked by an anti-slavery mob. The firm of Tappan & Co. failed for upward of a million dollars in the financial crisis of 1837, and although they afterwards paid their in- debtedness, Lewis Tappan retired from the firm and in 1841 established 'Tappan's Jlercantile Agency,' one of the earliest and best known or- ganizations of this kind in the country. With his brother he was one of the organizers of the Ameri- can and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society, and wrote and spoke in favor of a more rational and con- servative attitude on the part of the reformers. He published a Life of Arthur Tappan (1871). TAPPAN BAY, or Tapp. Zee. An expan- sion of the Hudson River, in New Y'ork, lying immediately north of Irvington. It is about 11 miles long, and over 3 miles wide at the widest point. TAP'PEN, Frederick D. (1820-1902). An American financier, born in New York City. He graduated at New Y'ork University in 1849. and in 1850 became a clerk of the National Bank of New York, of which in 1868 he was chosen presi- dent and director. During the great loans in 1873 and 1874 he was chairman of the loan com- mittee. In ISOfi he induced the New York banks to loan $20,000,000 in gold to the United States. In May, 1901, he formed a pool of .$20,000,000 for loans and broke the GO per cent, and 75 per cent, rate for call money. Again in the last week of June his efforts to preserve the credit of a totter- ing clearing-house bank succeeded in calming the market, although the bank, as he had predicted, failed. TAPPERT, WiLHELM (183C— ). A German writer on music, born at Ober-Thomaswaldau, near Bunzlau, Silesia. After teaching for sev- eral years, he studied music (1856-58) under Kullak and Dehn in Berlin, where he settled per- manently in 1866, and became professor of the history of music at the new academy. His name is favorably known in the musical world through numerous contributions to periodicals and the following jjublications: Musik und musiUalische Erziehung (1867) ; M usikalische Htudicn (1868) ; Das Verhot der Quint cnparallelcn (1869) ; ^Vag■ ner-Lexikon '( 1877) ; liichard Wayncr, sein Leben und seine Werke (1883) ; and Wanderude Mela- dicH (1890). TAP'PERTIT, Simon. A locksmith's ap- prentice in Dickens's Barnahy liudye. He is in the employ of old Varden and is very much in love with Dolly, his master's coquettish daughter, whom, owing to his position as captain in the Gordon Riots, he is able temporarily to kidnap. TAPTI, tap'te. A river of the Bombay Province, British India (Map: India, B 4). It rises in the mountains of the western part of the Central Provinces, and fiows westward, emptying into the Gulf of Cambay, 160 miles north of Bombay, after a course of about 450 miles. The greater part of its course is followed by a railroad, but the river is unnavigable above Sural, a few miles from its mouth. TAPUYA, ta-p5o'ya (alien). A collective designation for a group of tribes holding an ex- tensive area in Eastern Brazil, constituting a dis- tinct stock, and apparently more ancient in oc- cupancy than any of the surrounding tribes. Their general territory extends from latitude 5° to 20° S., and from the Atlantic coast inland to the Xingu Pviver. They are sometimes also known as Crcn or Guercn, the 'Ancient People.' The Tucano ( q.v, ) and several other tribes upon the LTaupes and YapurS, on the Brazil-Colombia border are also thought to be of the same con- nection. The Tapuya tribes, among which the Botocudo (q.v.) are the most noted and typical, have every characteristic of an ancient primitive race. They are believed to have been the authors of the numerous shell mounds along the adjacent Atlantic coast, and it is even held that skulls and other human bones found in caves within their territory, in connection with bones of animals now extinct, are of the peculiar type belonging to this people. In physique the Tapuya are of middle stature, with long arms and short legs, broad faces, small deep-set eyes, retreating fore- heads, and projecting lower jaws. Their fea- tures are frequently disfigured by huge labrets in the lower lip. Their culture is of the lowest. In their native forests they go absolutely naked and have no other dwellings than temporary shelters of brushwood. They make no pottery, build uo canoes, have no dogs, and apparently have no tribal organization. Before interfered with by the Brazilian Government, they were can- nibals. On the other hand, the_y are skillful hunt- ers with the bow and arrow, make polished stone axes, and weave baskets of rushes. The men have but one wife at a time. They are much in fear of ghosts wandering in the night, and are fond of dances to the accompaniment of a llute which is played with the nose. Their language, of which specimens have been published by Ehren- reich, is diflicnlt in its phonetics, with a marked tendency to simple word forms rather than agglu- tination. The Indians of I'upi descent about Para and on the Lower Amazon are incorrectly called Tapuya. TAR (AS. tearo, iearu, teru, tyruxi, Icel. tjara, Dutch tecr, Ger. Teer, Hessian Ger. Zehr,