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* TKENCH. 448 THE NDELENBUKG. in 1832, and became curate to Hugh James Rose (q.v.) at lladleigh, identifying himself to a cer- tain extent with the High-Church Party. He lield the living of Curdridge, in Hampshire, from 1835 to 1841, and then once more served as a curate under the future Bishop Wilberforce. From 1846 to 1858 he held a theological pro- fessorship at King's College, London, having meantime been appointed in 1856 to the deanery of Westminster. In 1863 he became Archbishop of Dublin, and took a foremost position in the opposition to the disestablishment of the Epis- copal Church in Ireland, as well as in the settle- ment of the delicate questions which arose after it had been accomplished. He resigned his see, owing to infirmity, in 1S84, and died in London two years later. He is remembered chiefly as a writer. Noteworthy among his theological works are: Notes on the Parables (1841) ; Xotes on the Miracles (1846) ; Commentary on the Epistles to the yS'eueji Churches (1861) ; and Studies in the Gosiiels (1867), all of which were widely popular and influential. His poetical work is graceful, tender, and thoughtful as a whole. A collected sdition appeared in two volumes, 1885. His best-known books in philology are The Study of Words (1851). and Eiir/lish, Past and Present (1855). To these may be added his Lectures on Mediwval Church History (1877). Consult Trench, Letters and Memorials of Archbishop Trench (London. 1886). TRENCH'ARD, Stephen Decatur (1818- 83 ). An ;Vnierican naval officer, born in Brook- lyn, N. Y. He became a midshipman at the age of sixteen ; was promoted to passed midship- man in duly, 1840 ; was wrecked in the Washing- ton off the coast of North Carolina in 1845; was .attached to the Saratoga during the Mexican War; became a lieutenant in 1847; and was slightly wounded while serving under Tatnall ivhen that officer assisted the English in their attack on the Pei-ho forts in China. During the Civil "ar he served on the Rhode Island : was made commander in Jul}', 1862, and participated in the bombardments of Fort Fisher in 1S64 and 1865. He was promoted to be captain in 186(i. to Ije commodore in 1871, and to be rear-admiral in 1875; commanded the North Atlantic Squad- ron in 1876-78; and retired in 1880. TRENCK, FR.^-z von der, Baron (1711-49). A German soldier of fortune, born at Reggio, in Cahabria, the son of a lieutenant-colonel in the Au.strian service. He became a cavalry officer at seventeen, distinguished himself by his mental aeconiplishments, his remarkable success in the fields of gallantry, and his love for dueling, and miscellaneous murder, which in the end forced him to leave the army. He went to Russia, where he was made a captain of hussars, but was cashiered not long afterwards for gross insub- ordination and imprisoned at Kiev, whence he re- turned to settle on his estates in Slavonia. There it is we first meet with the Trenck of history. The Turkish frontier was overrun with banditti. Trenck armed and drilled 1000 of his tenants, whom he called Pandours, and by their means succeeded in restoring order. In 1741 he offered the services of his regiment to Maria Theresa, and his aid was accepted. He then took part in the Silesian wars at the head of his men. On September 7, 1742, he attacked Cham, a trading town in neutral territory, and anni- hilated it. After the battle of Sohr, in Septem- ber, 1745, he made an unsuccessful attempt to capture Frederick the Great. His deeds of vio- lence at last led to his trial before a court martial and condemnation to imprisonment for life. He was confined at the Spielberg, near Briinn, until his death, caused by poisoning him- self when he found escape impossible. Consult: Hiibncr, Franz von der Trenck (Stuttgart, 1788) ; and Trenck's own Memoirs, Merkwiirdiyes Leben und Thaten dcs Freiherrn Franz von der Trenck (Vienna, 1770). TRENCK, Friedricii von der. Baron (1726- 94). A German adventurer, born at Konigsberg, the son of a Prussian general and cousin of the preceding. At sixteen he became a cornet in the guards and in 1744 ordnance officer to Frederick the Great, but was soon after imprisoned at Glatz. either because of a love affair with the King's sister or because of his correspondence with his cousin Franz which raised doubts as to his loyalty. He escaped in 1746 and after many wanderings became, in 1749, captain of cuiras- siers in the Austrian service. While in Danzig in 1754 he was arrested by order of Frederick and kept in severe confinement at Magdeburg till 1763. After his release he settled at Aix-la-Chapelle, where he married the burgomaster's daughter, gave himself to literary pursuits, and went into business as a wine merchant. In 1774-77 he traveled in England and France, and, restored to the possession of his Prussian estates after the death of Frederick II., lived at Berlin and Konigsberg. In 1791 he went to Paris and be- came a zealous adherent of the Mountain Party. He was, however, suspected of plotting with the foreign enemy and was guillotined July 25, 1794. Consult the autobiographical Friedrich Trencks merkwiirdige Lebensgrschichte (Berlin, 1787), which he rendered into French in 1789. His collected writings were published at Leipzig in eight volumes (1786). TRENDELENBURG, tren ' de - Icn - boorK, Adolf (1802-72). A German philosopher, born at Eutin. He was educated at Kiel, Leipzig, and Berlin; was appointed professor extraor- dinary of philosophy in the LIniversity of Berlin, 1833, and full professor in 1837. In this posi- tion, which he held until his death, January 24, 1872, he exercised very great influence upon the course of philosophical thought. His criticism of Hegel procured him great renown, and was one of the most effective forces that broke the hold of Hegelianism on the German mind. The foundation of his own philosophic doctrine is Aristotelianism, which, however, was modified by Platonic elements. He held and developed tile teleological view and maintained that it is confirmed by empirical fact. Mechanical causa- tion he viewed as the servant of teleology, not its enemy. lie called his philosophy the 'organic view of the world.' His most important works are Logische Untersuchungen ( 1840, 3d ed. 1870) and 'Naturrecht auf dem Grunde der Ethik (1860; 2d ed. 1868). His Historische Beitiiige zur Philosophie (1846-67) are also valuable helps in the study of the history of philosophy. Consult: Bonitz. Zur Erinnerung an Trendelenburg (Berlin. 1872) ; Bratuscheck, Adolf Trendelenburg (ib., 1873).