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* TBEGELLES. 444 TBELAWNY. inent critic, born at Falmouth, of Quaker parent- age. Though lie attended the Falmouth Classical School for four years (1825-28), he was in the main a self-educated man. During the greater part of his life he was connected with the Plym- outh Bretliren, but in his last years he was in the communion of the Established Church. Tregelles's interest in critical studies began early, and from 1838 to his death he devoted himself almost exclusively to the study of the New Testament text and related subjects. In 1844 he published The Book of Iicrclalioii in Greek, Edited from Ancient Antliorities tcith a Neiv English Version. In 1854 his valuable An Account of the Printed Text of the Oreek Xcn^ Testament appeared. This work was not only a history, but a discussion of principles of textual criticism as well, and as such is still of great value. His next important work was his revision of the New Testament part of Home's Introduction under the title, An Introduction to the Textual Criticism of the Tfew Testament (1850). During all these years he was assiduously collecting material for a new critical edition of the Greek Testament, collating manuscripts, examining patristic readings and the important ancient versions with greatest care. The first part of Tregelles's Greek 7ew Testaynent, Edited frmn Ancient Authorities, appeared in 1857. The last installment was pub- lished in 1872, sent out while the author was suffering from the severe illness which proved fatal not long after. Among numerous other writings not directly connected with the New Testament text his facsimile edition of the Canon Muratorianus (1800) and his transla- tion of Gesenius's Hebrew Lexicon (1847) de- serve mention. Tregelles's scliolarship was exact and painstaking, and his industry was remark- able. His edition of the Greek Testament ranks with those of Tischendorf and of Westcott and Hort, as one of the three great critical editions of the last century. His principles, clearly worked out and consistently applied, were simi- lar to those of Lachmann, but his reconstructed text was based on a wider and more thorough survey of the field of evidence than was Lach- mann's. An Appendix to Tregelles's Greek Testa- ment, edited by Hort and Streane, from Tregelles's own papers was published in 1879. TREITSCHKE, tritsh'ke, Heinkich von (1834-96). A German historian. He was born in Dresden, and studied at Bonn, Leipzig, Tu- bingen, and Heidelberg. In 1857 he became lec- turer at Leipzig, and in 1803 he was called to a professorship at Freiburg. He was an ardent be- liever in German unity and the mission of Prus- sia, and when Baden cast its lot with Austria in the Seven Weeks' War he resigned his chair and liecame editor of the Preussische Jahrbiieher at Berlin, to which he had been for many years a diligent contributor. In 1860 he was called to a chair at Kiel and tile following year he became professor of history at Heidelberg, where he re- mained until 1874, when he was called to Ber- lin. From 1871 to 1888 he was a member of the Keichstagj where lie became a prominent spokesman of the National Liberals. He re- signed the editorship of the Preussische Jahr- biieher in 1889. After Kanke's death he became Prussian State historian ( 1886). He was a most successful lecturer in spite of his total deafness in his later years, and he impressed his intense German patriotism upon a large body of students who came under his instruction. He lacked the clear and impartial objectiveness of Ranke, but his sincerity and ability entitle him to a place in the group of eminent German historians. His principal work is Deutsche Geschichte im neun- ccAh7ch Jalirhundcrt (Leipzig. 1874-94), covering the period down to 1848. This work shows in the most marked degree the partisanship which appeared as so strong an element in Treitsclike's scholarship. Of his numerous other writings may be mentioned Zehn Jahre deutscher Kiimpfe, ISGo-yif (1874); Schriften zur Tagespolitik (1874-79); Der Hozialismus nnd seine Giinner (1875); Ein Wort iiber unser Judentum (1880); Zu-ei Kaiser (1888); and the posthu- mous volumes Reden im deutschen Reichstag and Biographische und historische Abhandlungen (1897). TRELAWNY, tre-la'm, Edward John (1792- 1881). An English author, especially known as the friend of Shelley and Byron. He was born in London. Though he was of an ancient and famous family, his education was neg- lected. Entering the royal navy at the age of thirteen, he served in the fleet blockading Cadiz (1805). He subsequently deserted and passed through some exciting adventures in the East Indies. In .lanuary, 1822, he met Shelley (q.v.) and Byron (q.v.) at Pisa. He was the last to see Shelley's boat disappear in the fog on the memora1)le eiglith of July, 1822; and he super- intended the cremation of Shelley's body at Via- reggio, snatching the heart from the flames. In 1823 he accompanied Byron to Greece, where he took an active part in the war of liberation, and married, as his second wife, the sister of the Greek chieftain Odysseus. After living in Italy and traveling in the United States (1833-35), he settled in England, where he became the lion of London society. His last years were passed most- ly in the country, in Monmouthshire and in Sus- sex, He died at Sonipting, in Sussex. His body was cremated and buried by the side of Shelley's in the Protestant cemetery at Rome. Trelawny charmed two generations by his rich fund of anecdote. In his old age he was souglit out by young men who wished to see and hear the man who had been a comrade of Byron and Shelley. He was of magnificent physique. Jlillais chose him for the old seaman in "The Northwest Passage." Trelawny wrote his early autobiog- raphy under the title The Adventures of a Younger f^on (anonymous. 1831). How much is truth and how much is fiction in this book will probably never be determined. Trelawny is best known for The Recollections of the Last Dai/s of Shellei/ and Byron (1858), republished, with changes, as Records of Shelley, Byron, and the Author (1878). Both are brilliant books, and the latter is of great value. Consult the edition of The Adventures of a Younger Brother, with memoir by E. Garnett (London, 1890). TRELAWNY, Sir Jon.th.4.n (1650-1721). An English bishop and third Baronet of Tre- lawny. He was born at Pelynt, Cornwall ; graduated at Christ Church, Oxford, in 1672, and took priest's orders in 1676, He took an active part in suppressing Monmouth's Re- bellion of 168.5, and was rewarded with the Bishopric of Bristol. The appearance of the