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* TORQUES. 362 TORRES VEDRAS. well as in France, and are to be found in archse- ological collections. TOBRE DEL GRECO, tor'ra dSl gralcd. A seaport and bathing resort in the Province of Naples, Italy, situated at the base of Vesuvius, 7 miles southeast of Naples (Map: Italy, J 7). The town has been largely rebuilt since the great eruption of Vesuvius in 1861. It manufactures wine, coral-ware, lava-ware, and rope. There are shipbuilding yards. The inhabitants are largely engaged in the coral, tunny, oyster, and sardine fisheries. Torre del Greco suffered se- verely from lava streams in 1631. 1737, and 1704." Population (commune), in 1881, 27,562; in ISIOl, 33/290. TORRE DELL' ANNUNZIATA, -iin-noon'- tse-il'ta. A seaport in the Province of Naples, Italy, situated at the base of Vesuvius, 12 miles southeast of Naples (Map: Italy, J 7). It makes a specialty of macaroni. There are fine tliormal baths. It has a Government arms fac- tory, extensive fisheries, and a trade in wine and lava products. Population (commune), in I8S1, 22,013; in 1001, 28,143. TORREDONJIMENO, -d6n-He-ma'n6. A town in the Province of Jaen, Spain, 8 miles west of the city of Jaen, on the right bank of the Salado de Porcuiia. It is a well-con- structed town with regular plazas and wide streets. There are gypsum quarries in the vicinity. Spirits and soap are the chief manu- factures. Population, in 1900, 10,044. TORRE MAGGIORE, mad-jo'ra. A town in the Province of Foggia, Italy, about 20 miles northwest of Foggia ( Map : Italy, K 6 ). It has a famous Benedictine abbey and large oil re- fineries. Population (commune), in 1901, 11,054. TOR'RENS, Lake. A large lake depression in South Australia, situated about 30 miles north of the northern extremity of Spencer Gulf (Map: Australia, F 5). It is about 130 miles long with an average breadth of 20 miles, but is very shallow. In the wet season it receives a number of streams from the Flinders Range, but for a large part of the year it is only a salt marsh. TORRENS, Henry Whitelock (1806-52). An English w-riter, born at Canterbury, and edu- cated at Charter House, and Christ Church, Ox- ford. He held various positions in the civil service and in 1837 became one of Lord Auck- land's secretaries, but his reputation rests upon his translation of the Arabian Nights. The first volume appeared in 1838. The work was never completed, but the existing fragment is considered superior to any later version. His collected works were published by J. Hume in 1854 (Calcutta and London). TORRENS, Robert (1780-1864). An Irish economist. He is best known as an economist, and as one of the first to state the law of diminishing returns, the modern theories of wealth, and theory of international trade, and is credited with having proposed the .separation of the Bank of England into banking and issue departments. His publications include An Essay on Moncfi and Paper Currency (1812), .In Essay on the Production of Wealth (1821), Letters on Commercial Policy (1833), On Wages and Com- binations (1834), and Tracts on Finance and Trade (1852). TORRENS, Sir Robert Richabd (1814-84). An English colonial statesman, born at Cork, and educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He went to South Australia in 1840, and in 1857 became Colonial Treasurer and Premier. In the following year were passed the land laws which bear his name, whereby public registration was substituted for conveyancing. (See Tobrens System.) In 1863 Torrens retired from Aus- tralian public life, returned to England, and in 1868 entered Parliament, where he sat for Cam- bridge until 1874, but failed to introduce his reform in the land laws. His publications in- clude The South Australian System of Convey- ancing (1850), and Transfer of Land by "Regis- tration of Title" as now in operation in Aus- tralia under the "Torrens System" (1863). TORRENS, William Torrens McCullagh (1813-04). An Irish politician and author, who in middle life (1863) assumed his mother's name of Torrens. He was born at Greenfield, near Dublin, was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and was admitted to the Irish bar in 1836 and the English in 1855, In 1842 he was one of the founders of the Mechanics Institute of Dublin. Elected to Parliament in 1847, he sat for Dundalk until 1852, was returned in 1857 for Yarmovith, but was unseated on petition, and then sat for Finsbury from 1805 to 1884. He was known for his interest in social questions. He introduced the Artisans' Dwellings Act, and that by which the School Board of London was established. His publications include The In- dustrial History of Free Nations (2 vols., 1846), The Lancashire Lesson (1864), Our Empire in Asia: How We Came by It ( 1872), and a History of Cabinets (2 vols., 1804). TORRENS SYSTEM. A system of registra- tion of titles to land introduced into South Au.s- tralia by Sir Robert Richard Torrens, in 1857, in the Real Property Act drafted by him. Tlie chief novelty of the system is the provision for the guaranty of properly registered titles by the Government. The "Torrens system was adopted in most of the Australian colonies, in New Zea- land, and British Columbia, .and a somewhat similar system was introduced into California and a few other States. See Title, Registra- tion OF. Consult: Yeakle, Torrens System; Dumas, Registration of Title Under Torrens System (1900). TORRES NOVAS, tor'ras no'vils. A town of the District of Santarem, Portugal,. 56 miles northeast of Lisbon. It is in an extensive olive- producing region, and has important oil mills and cotton and linen manufactories. Population, in 1900, 10,738. TORRES (tor'res) STRAIT. The channel which separates New Guinea from the Australian continent (Map: Australia, G 1). It is about 100 miles in width. Its navigation, though prac- ticable, is rendered difficult by the innumerable shoafs, reefs, and islands. It was discovered by Torres in 1606. TORRES VEDRAS, v.a'dras. A town in the District of Lisbon, Estremadura, Portugal, on the left bank of the Sizandro. 24 miles northwest of Lisbon on the Lisbon-Figueira railroad. Its population in 1900 was 6891. It carries on some trade in wine. The Lines of Torres Vedras