Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 19.djvu/417

* TORPEDO NET. 361 TORQUES. swung in alongside and with the net landed on a sort of shelf, or if there is no shelf the net is drawn up siuiyly and the whole lashed to eye- bolts on the ship's side. Torpedo nets are not regarded with favor by many naval ollicers, as they cannot be used except when at anchor, and many torpedoes are now fitted with net cutters which enable them to get througii. TORPEDO SCHOOL. See Naval Schools OF l.NSTKl CTIOX. TORPEDO STATION. A torpedo supply station and lieadqiiarters for torpedo boats. The United States naval torpedo station is on Goat Island, Newport Harbor. All torpedoes for the navy are sent there from the makers and are inspected, tested, and put into adjustment for service. In addition, all necessary su])plies for working torpedoes are made there, together with torpedo mines, guncotton, primers for heavy- guns, and certain other ordnance supplies and fit- tings. There is also a small factory for the manufacture of smokeless powder, the larger naval powder factory being at Indian Head prov- ing ground. Some of the schools for officers and enlisted men of the navy are also located at the torpedo station — the petty officers' school, tor- pedo school, electrical school, school for training torpedo boat firemen, and the torpedo school for oflieers. TORQTJATO TASSO, tr.r-kwa'to tiis'so. A tragedy by Goethe ( 1790) suggested by a visit to Sorrento and Sicily. It deals with the sorrows of an idealistic poet in a jealous artificial court, and in its emotional element is largely auto- biographical. TORQUAY, tor-ke'. A fashionable health resort and watering place on the south coast of Devon, England, occupying a cove on the north side of Tor Bay, 2.3 miles south of Exeter (Map: England. C 6). Marble works and terra- cotta manufactures are its industrial specialties, and it is an important yachting station. Its har- bor has an area of 36 acres. Till the beginning of the nineteenth century Torquay was an as- semblage of fishermen's huts. About that time the advantages of its climate and freedom from fogs caused it to be resorted to by consumptive patients ; and it soon attained a European celebrity. Saint .Joim's, a fine church of modern Gothic architecture, the towm hall, a museum, a theatre, and an opera hou.se are the chief struc- tural features. Torquay was incorporated in 1892. It owns valuable property, municipal water- works, elettric lighting plant, plea.sure grounds, baths, a sanatorium, and a refuse destructor, and supports technical schools. Kent's Cavern, discovered in 1824, and the Brixham Cave, dis- covered in 18.58, are rich in fossils, and have sup- plied the earliest English evidences of prehistoric man. After the defeat of the Spanish Armada, Don Pedro's galley was brought into Tor Bay, and an old thirteenth-century building, where the survivors were housed, is known as the 'Spanish barn.' Torquay was the landing place of Wil- liam of Orange in 1G88. Population, in 1891, 33,825; in I90I, 33,625. TORQUEMADA, tor'ka-mil'na, Juan de, also known by the Latinized form Turrecremata (1388-1468). A Spanish theologian and cardinal, born at Valladolid. He entered the Dominican Order in 1403 and completed his studies at the University of Paris in 1424. After presiding over houses of his Order at Valladolid and Toledo, he was made master of the sacred palace by Eu- genius I'. in 14;J1, and employed in various im- portant negotiations. He was made a cardinal- priest in 1439, exchanging his title later for the cardinal-bishopric of Albano and in 1464 for that of Sabina. He devoted the large revenues of vari- ous preferments which he held to church build- ing and works of cliarity, but attained greater renown by his numerous theological writings, many of which dealt with the controversies of the day. He took p;ut in the councils of Con- stance, Basel, and Florence, and drew up the plan lor the union between the Cireek and Latin churches at the last named. Consult Lederer, Dcr spaiiische Cardinal Johannes von Torque- tnaila (Freiburg, 1879). TORQUEMADA, Tomas de (1420-98). A Spanish Inquisitor-General. He was born at Valladolid, of the same family as that to which the famous theologian, better known as Tur- recremata, belonged. He entered the Dominican Order, and became prior of the monastery at Segovia, a post which he held for twenty-two years. In 1478 the Inquisition was reestablished in Spain by Ferdinand and Isabella, and four years later some assistants were given to t!ie first Inquisitors. Torquemada was among these, and so distinguished himself by his zeal that in 1483 he was named by Sixtus IV. Grand Inquisi- tor for Castile and Aragon. He erected four tribunals, at Seville, Cordova, Jaen, and Villa Ileal, the last of which was afterwards trans- ferred to Toledo. The Grand Inquisitor was assisted by a council of theologians and jurists named by the King, but deriving their jurisdiction from the Inquisitor-General, in virtue of the latter's Papal authority. In political and legal questions he was obliged to act only in concert with them, but merely asked their advice in theological matters. Torquemada drew up the code of procedure, which was confirmed by the Pope, though the Holy See steadily impressed upon the Inquisitors the necessity of exercising charity toward those who were accused of heresy, and frequently mitigated the rigor of their sentiences, or, if the matter was dealt with independently by the Spanish Government, com- plained strongly. Torquemada took a prominent part in the expulsion of the .Jews from Spain. Toward the end of his life he retired into the Dominican monastery of Avila, where he died. Consult de Molenes, Documents incdits: Tor- quemada et I'lnquisUion (Paris, 1897). As a typical representative of the Spanish Inquisition, Torquemada has been frequently condemned by Protestant historians for wanton cruelty. For a fuller discussion of the charges made by them, see Inquisition. TORQUES (Lat. torques, torqnis, twisted neck-ring, necklace, collar, from twquere, to rack, twist, torment). A species of gold orna- ment, meant to be worn round the neck, which was much in use in ancient times, both among Asiatic and North European nations. It con- sisted of a spirally twisted bar of gold, bent round nearly into a circle, with the ends free, and terminating in hooks, or sometimes in ser- pents. Numerous examples of the torques have been dug up in Great Britain and Ireland, as