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* TOBLONIA. 353 TORONTO. -expenditure of over $800,000, thereby restoring to ■cultivation 30,000 acres of land. TOKMENTIL (Fr. tormentUle, from ML. tormentilla, to-nnentella, tornientil, from Lat. tormentum, torment, from torquere, to rack, twist, torment; so called because the plant was supposed to be a remedy for toothache). A pop- ular name for Potcntilla tormentiUa, formerly called Tornicniilla officiitaiis, common on Euro- pean moors and heaths. Its large woody roots have been used as an astringent and for stain- ing leather. It also supplies material for a red dye sometimes used in Lapland. The leaves are ternate. the leaflets lanceolate and inciso-serrate, the stems ascending and forking, the flower-stalks axillarj' and terminal, and the flowers yellow. TORNADO. See Wind. TORNEA, tor'ne-6. A town in the Govern- ment of Uleaborg, Finland, Russia, situated on the Tornea, near the northern end of the Gulf of Bothnia (Map: Russia, B 1). Population, in 1897, 1400. About 33 miles north is the Moun- tain of Avasakra (1573 feet), which is visited by many tourists at the summer solstice, when the sun remains above the horizon for almost two days. TORNEA. A river, forming the boundary between Russia and Sweden. It rises in the Tornea Lake near the Norwegian boundary, and flows southeast through Sweden, then south on the Russian boundary, entering the Gulf of Both- nia at its northern extremity, after a course of 250 miles {Map: Sweden, K 3). Near its mouth is the town of Torneil (q.v. ). Its chief tributary, the Muonio, forms the northern part of the boundary. TORO, tr/ro. An ancient town of Spain, in the modern Province of Zamora, in Leon, on the right bank of the Duero, 38 miles southwest of Valladolid, on the Medina del Campo-Zamora Railroad (Map: Spain, C 2). It contains numer- ous religious houses and palaces, most of which have been allowed to fall into a state of decay, and the Cathedral Church of Santa Maria la Mayor, dating from the reign of Alfonso VII. There are brandy distilleries, vineyards, tanneries, and woolen manufactories. Population, in 1000. 8187. Toro has been of little importance in Spanish history since its resistance to Charles v., when it took a leading position in the re- bellion of the coiiiunidfidcs. TOROK-SZENT-MIKLOS, te'rek sent me'- klOsh. A conmiune of the County of JSsz-Nagy- Kun-Szolnok. Hungary, 66 miles southeast of Budapest (Map: Hungary, G 3). The exten- sive plain in which it is situated is noted for its production of cereals and live stock, and in the commune itself there is some manufacture of brick and of agricultural Implements. Popula- tion, in 1900, 21,881. TORON'TO. The capital of the Province of Ontario, Canada, on the north shore of Lake On- tario, 333 miles southwest of Montreal (Map: Ontario, D 4). It is situated on the north side of a spacious inlet called the Bay of Toronto, has a water frontage of about eight miles from east to west, and extends inland from south to north about three miles. The harbor or bay, about five miles long and one mile in width, is protected by a, sandy islet, which extends into the lake in a south and west direction to a distance of five miles. The port accommodates the larg- est vessels that navigate the lakes, has a dry dock 198 feet long, and is defended at the en- trance by a fort. The Grand Trunk and the Canadian Pacific railroads pass through the city, and connect with all parts of Canada and of the United States. The scenery of the vicinity is somewhat tame, and the situation of the town is low and flat. The most elevated quarter — the Queen's or Uni- versity Park in the west — lies from 100 feet to 200 feet above the level of the lake. There are many handsome official buildings, including the new city hall and court house, the supreme courts of the province, the legislative buildings, the Government House, the custom-house, the post-oftlce, the horticultural gardens, and benevo- lent institutions. There are several parks, in- cluding Riverdale; the Queen's Park, already re- ferred to with its beautiful monument to the vol- unteers who fell at Ridgeway in 1806; and the exhibition grounds where the important annual fair of the Industrial Association is held each September. Toronto is distinguished for its churches. The principal are Saint James's Cathe- dral (Anglican), a noble edifice in early English, erected in 1852; Saint Michael's Cathedral (Ro- man Catholic) ; Saint James's and Saint An- drew's (Presbyterian) ; the Metropolitan Metho- dist Church, noted for its huge organ ; .larvis Street Baptist; Bond Street Congregational; and the Church of the Ascension (Anglican). Toronto is the head of the Canadian school system. Its higher institutions include the Toronto Univer- sity, in Queen's Park ; Victoria LTniversity, a Methodist institution also in Queen's Park ; Trin- ity College; Baptist College; Knox College; and LTpper Canada College, etc. The city maintains an excellent free library of over 100,000 volumes, which has branch libraries; has water-works, gas and electric lighting plants, and electric street railways. Cabinet-ware, iron rails, agricultural implements, stoves, pianos, bicycles, carpets, and shoes are manufactured, and there are ship- building yards, foundries, breweries, distilleries, and flour mills ; the exports are manufactured lumber, flour, wheat, and other grain. Toronto ranks second among the commercial centres of Canada. The name Toronto, 'place of meeting.' is of Indiiin origin. The town was founded in 1794 by Governor Simcoe, and incorporated in 1834. It was burned by the Americans in 1813, and sufi'ercd severely a.s the headquarters of the rebel- lion in 1837, and also from fire in 1849. Popula- tion, in 1891, 181,220; in 1901, 207,971. TORONTO, University of. An institution of higher education at Toronto, Can., established in 1827, as King's College. The opening of tlie college was delayed for fourteen years, and not till 1842 were the faculties of arts, medicine, law, and divinity established. In 1849 the in- stitution assumed its present title, and in 18.')3 the faculties of medicine and law were abolished and the functions of the institution were divided between the two newly organized corporations of the University of Toronto and Universitv College. By the Federation Act of 1887, the faculty of University College consists of professors in clas- sical languages and literature, ancient history, Oriental languages. English, French, German, and moral philosophy. All other portions of