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* TANJAY. 23 TANNER. pines, H 10). Population, in 1887, 10,293; now, 12,400. TANJORE, tan-jOr'. The capital of a district of Taiijuif, in the Province of Madras, British India. 48 miles west of Negapatam, in the val- ley of the Kaveri River, one of the richest agricultural sections in India (Map: India, C 6). The large temple, dating from the eleventli cen- tury, is one of the finest examples of the Pagoda style of architecture iu existence. There are sev- eral concentric rectangles, the outer measuring 415 by 800 feet. The leading architectural fea- tures are the great gopura, a pyramidal tower 200 feet high, and the handsome embellished shrine of Kartikeya. Another striking edifice is the pahice of the Kaja, constructed in 1.550. It has manj' sculptures and pictures, together with a librar}' containing valuable Sanskrit manu- scripts. Schwartz's Church, the English Church, Saint Peter's College, the Prince of Wales Medi- cal School, and People's Park are also of interest. Tanjore has manufactures of jewelry, carpets, copper utensils, and objects in repousse work. Population, in 1901, 57,870. Tanjore was the capital of a Hindu principality until the over- throw of the C'hola dynasty by the Mahrattas in 1678. During its early history it was one of the most important cities in Southern India. The English obtained control in 1799. TANKAGE. A name applied to a product, used mainly for fertilizing purposes, which is prepared from the residtie resulting from the treatment of abattoir and slaughter-house re- fuse with steam and hot water in closed tanks for the removal of fat, a process commonly known as 'tanking'. Tankage is variable in composition, depending upon the materials used in its preparation and the process of manufac- ture, but is generally rich in nitrogen, and it is this element which mainly determines its value as a fertilizer. According to Voorhees, two dis- tinct kinds of tankage are ordinarily prepared: ( 1 ) concentrated tankage, containing from 10 to 12 per cent, of nitrogen with very small per- centages of phosphoric acid; and (2) crushed tankage, of which there are several grades, con- taining from 4 to 9 per cent, of nitrogen, and 3 to 12 per cent, of phosphoric acid. Products containing more than 12 per cent, of phosphoric acid are known as bone tankage, and are properly classed with bone fertilizers (q.v.). The term tankage is also sometimes applied to the product obtained by drying, and in some cases partially charring, city garbage. This garbage tankage is more variable in composition and less valuable as a fertilizer than true tankage, although, like the latter, its value as a fertilizer depends mainly upon its nitrogen. The nitrogen of meat and bone tankage of good quality has been found to be about 60 per cent, as effective as jilant food as that of nitrate of soda, which is taken as the standard. Tankage is therefore one of the most valuable sources of organic nitrogen for fer- tilizing purposes. Tankage is also beginning to be used with very promising results as a con- centrated feeding stuff, especially for feeding hogs. When used in combination with corn it sup- plies the deficiencies, from a feeding standpoint, of that grain in protein and ash constituents and thus furnishes a better balanced ration. TAN'NAHILL, Robebt (1774-1810). A Scottish poet. He was the son of a silk weaver of Paisley. He was apprenticed to his father and passed most of his life in Paislej' at the loom. He early showed a talent for verse and studied Burns, Fergusson, and Ramsay. He be- came an active member of a literary club at Paisley, for which he wrote some of his best songs. To a local Burns club he also contributed three remarkable birthday odes. As a song writer he possessed a spontaneity akin to that of Burns. Among his best songs, known tlirough- out Scotland, are "Bonnie Wood o' Craigielee," "Sleepin' Maggie," "Braes o' Gleniffer," "Gloomy Winter's noo awa'," and "Jessie the Flower o' Dunblane." They all show a genuine lyrical gift, much tenderness of sentiment, and a true eye and feeling for the simple effects of nature. Sufl'ering from melancholia, Tannahill drowned himself in a canal near Paisley. In 1874 the centenary of his birth was observed; and in 1883 a bronze statue was erected to his memory in the Paisley Abbey burying ground. Consult the complete edition of Poems, ed. Semple (Glas- gow, 1873); selections in Miles's Poets and Poetry of the Century (London, I89I, et seq.). TAN'NER, Henry Ossawa (1859—). An American liistorical painter. He was born at Pittsburg, Pa., the son of a bishop of the African Methodist Church, and studied in the Pennsyl- vania Academy of Fine Arts under Thomas Eakins. Later he went to Paris, where he re- mained, feeling there to a less degree his racial disadvantage. He sttidied under .Jean Paul Laurens and Benjamin Constant; and in 1900 he was awarded the Lippincott prize at Phila- delphia and a medal at the Paris Exposition. His pictures are landscapes and religious themes and iu them he exhibits a Southern heartiness of emotion under a judicious restraint, a realism of presentation, and especially a rich mastery of color. His "Raising of Lazarus" hangs in the Luxembourg. The "Christ and Nicodemus" and the "Annunciation" are in Philadelphia, one in the Academy of Fine Arts, the other in Me- morial Hall, Fairmount Park. TANNER, Henry S. (1786-1858). An Ameri- can geographer, born in New York City. He stud- ied engraving and settled in Philadelphia, where, with his brother Benjamin, he established an extensive business in publishing maps, atlases, and geographical works. He became widely known as an authority on geography and was elected to membership in both the London and Paris Geographical Societies. His publications included: Neiv American Atlas (1817-23) ; Map of the United States of Mexico (1825) ; Map of Philadelphia (182G) ; Map of the United States of America (1829) ; View of the Valley of the Mississippi (1832) : American Traveller (1836) ; Description of the Canals and Railroads of the United States (1840). TANNER, Thomas (1674-1735). An English antiquary, born at Market Lavington. in Wilt- shire, where his father was vicar, and educated at Queen's College, Oxford. He was ordained deacon in 1694 and was appointed chaplain of All Souls' College in 1695. Besides various other preferments, he became canon of Ely (1713), canon of Christ Church, Oxford (1724). and Bishop of Saint Asaph (1732). He is known chiefly for Notitia Mnnastica, or a ShSrt History of the Religious Houses in England and ^Vales (1695) and the Bibliotheca Britannieo-Hibcrnica,