Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 19.djvu/382

* TOGA. 328 TOKAT. was folded lengthwise and hung over the left shoulder (with the fold toward the neck) so that the end rested a few inches upon the floor in front. The rest of the garment was passed around the back, under the right arm, and thrown backward over the left shoulder, so that the end hung down behind, but cleared the ground. The folds were most carefully and sys- tematically arranged (in later days, more or less, pins or clasps were used), and the end that de- pended in front was pulled up to clear tin? floor, and the slack {nodus, umbo) allowed to hang down over the mass of folds {sinus) that crossed the front of the body toward the left shoulder. The right arm was thus left free, and the left for the most part covered. The toga was not usually worn at home, the tunica being regarded as sufficient; and for out-of-door wear it gave place under the Empire, except on formal occa- sions, to lighter and more convenient garments, chiefly of foreign origin. See Costume. TOGGLE JOINT (probably connected with ME. toyijcii, tufificn. to tug, variant of tukken, AS. tuciroi. to pull, and akin to Eng. ton). A mechanical ajipliance acting on the principle of the inclined plane. Let ad and ag represent the arms of the toggle joint, with the joint at a. Then, if the arms are brought to a perpendicular, the end d being stationary, the point a will move through the are ah to I), and at each point in the arc in the direction of a tangent at that point. As the point a approaches 6 the tangent will become more and more hori- zontal, and at last perpendicu- lar to the anns ad and ag. When they form one and the same straight line the weight w will have beci raised to twice the height h:-. The form in the figure here presented is given to show more clearly the action of the knee and elbow joints in man, but that which is more frequently used, par- ticularly in hay and cotton presses (to which the appli- ance is peculiarly adapted), makes the ends d and (j of the arms approach each other, ap- plying the power at a making ac the perjjendicu- lar. It will be seen that on the application of power the motion of the point a will at first be quite rapid (when the hay or cotton is loose), becoming slower and slower as the points d and g approach each other, so that when both arms be- come very nearly perpendicular the weight or re- sistance will move very slowly ; but the power will be extremely great, and adapted to the re- sistance off'ered by the greatly compressed bale. See Inclined Pl.^ne. TOGOLAND, to'gft-litnt. A German protec- torate in West Africa, bounded by Dahomey on the east, the Gulf of Guinea on the south, and the Gold Coast Colony on the west and north (Map: Africa, E 4). The northern boundary has not yet been definitely settled. Area, esti- mated at 3.3.000 square miles. The low sandy coast rises toward the interior, which is mostly unduhvting and traversed by the Aposso Moun- tains, entering from northern Dahomey. The chief rivers are the Mono, the Dako, the Sio, and the Haho. There are many coast lagoons. The cli- mate is moist and unhealtliful. Togoland pos- sesses abundant natural resources, which are gradually being developed. E.xtensive cocoanut plantations have been established along the coast, and good crops of corn and rice are raised. To- bacco and coll'ee are also cultivated. The chief products for export are palm oil and kernels, rubber, ivory, and copra. The imports and ex- ports amounted in 1901 to $1,12-1.050 and $878,- 351 respectively. The chief ports are Lome, which is also the seat of administration, and Little Popo. A narrow-gauge railway line is being constructed between the two places. Togo- land comes nearer to being self-supporting than any other German colony. The population is estimated at 2,500,000, chiefly Sudanese, Togo- land was declared a German protectorate in 1884. TOINETTE, twii'net'. In Moli&re's ilalade imayiiiaire, the bright young servant of the title character. She constantly irritates her master, but makes his interests her own. and brings about the iiuuriagc of Angelique and Cleante. TOKAIDO, tu-kl'd&. An ancient division of Hondo, the principal island of Japan, occupying the eastern part of the island. It developed later than the western and southern parts of the isl- and, but since the triumph of Voritomo (q.v. ) at the end of the twelfth century it has been dominant, ruling .Japan from Kamakura and Yedo (Tokio). It is now the most populous and richest part of Japan. TOKAIDO. A name ajiplied to the great highway which connects Tokio with Kioto. It is 323 miles long. Starting from Xihombashi (Jap., Bridge of .Japan), in Tokio. it skirts the Bay of Tokio and the Pacific, climbs the Ha- kone Mountains across the peninsula of Idzu, again follows the coast line through manv large towns to Kuwana, 247% miles from Mhoni- bashi, where it turns inland to Lake Biwa and Kioto. It is the most famous though not the most ancient highway in Jajiaii. Here in the days of the Tokugawa regime the daimios from the centre and west of .Japan traveled with their trains of armed men to and from their enforced residence in Yedo. The sides of the road were planted with lines of great cedars, there were inns at distances of eery six or seven miles, and the journey in palanquin and on slow-walking horses took ten days. Since the abolition of the feudal system the Tokaido has lost its ro- mance, and by the completion of the railway between the cities its importance has diuiinislied. TO'KAJ IGei: pron. tr/kl), TOKAY, toTvai. . town in the County of Zemplin, Hungary, at the confluence of the Bodrog and Theiss, 41 miles north of Debreczin, on the Szerencs-Debrer-z^u Eailway (Map: Hungary, G 2). In the vicinity are sapjihire and carnelian deposits and salt- works. Tokaj is celebrated for its wines. The population of the commune, in 1900. Was 26.711; of the town, about 5500. mostly MagA-ars. TOKAT, to-kat' (Arm. Ertoghin). The cap- ital of a sanjak in the Vilayet of Sivas. Turkey in Asia, 125 miles northeast of Kaisarieh (Map: Turkey in Asia. G 2). It is in a hilly region abounding in fine scenery, and is well laid out. The chief features of interest are the Byzantine castle and the old Roman tombs. The town is the commercial centre for a section prodncing fruit, hemp, corn, and tobacco, and has manu-