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* TIPPECANOE. 304 TIREE. in comnuuul of the American troops in the West. Consult Pirtle. The Battle of Tippecanoe (Louis- ville, 1900), No. 15 of the "Filson Club Publica- tions." TIP'PERA'RY. An inland county of tlie Province of Jluusler, Ireland, lying north of Waterford (Map: Ireland, C 4). Area, 1659 square miles. The county for the most part is in the basin of the river Suir. Other rivers are the Shannon, the Nore, the Nenagh, and the Brosna ; lakes are numerous, but of small size. The surface is generally level. The Galtees ilountaius which diversif)" it are rather groups than portions of any con- nected range; these mountains rise to 300U feet. The soil of the plain is fertile; there is a con- .siderable amount of bog in the central and east- ern districts. The mineral productions are coal (anthracite), copper, and lead, also zinc and good fire-clay ; slates of an e.xeellent quality are quarried near Killaloe. Wheat was formerly grown in large quantities ; but of late j^ears its cultivation has been superseded by dairy-farm- ing and the raising of cattle. Population, in 1841, 438,150; in 1891, 185,217; in 1901, 159,754. TIPPERARY. The capital of Tipperary County, Irelanil, on the Arra. Ill miles south- west of Dublin (Map: Ireland, 4). It occu- pies a central position in a fine country, and carries on an extensive trade in butter. The town, of ancient origin, is well built, and contains Roman Catholic and Protestant churches, national schools, and a school of the Erasmus Smith endowment. In 1890 the foun- tlation of a New Tipperary. now in ruins, was an attempt, under the Irish League's plan of cam- paign, to boj'cott the land proprietor of the old town. It proved abortive within a j-ear. Popula- tion, 7000. TIPPU SAHIB, te-poo' sii'hlb (1749-99). Sultan of Mysore, in India. He was a son of Hyder Ali (q.v. ). He was actively engaged in the wars of his father, and routed the British at Perimbakum (September 10, 1780). and on the banks of the Kolerun in Tanjore (February 18, 1782). On the death of his father in 1782 be was crow^led Sultan and returned at once to the head of his army, which was then o])erating against the British near Arcot. On April 28, 1783, he captured and put to death the garrison of Bed- nore. The peace between England and France deprived him of his French allies and he made a treaty in 1784 on the basis of the status quo. He then gave his attention to the internal affairs of Mysore, establishing a splendid court at Seringapatam. He sought, in 1787, to bring on a renewal of the war lietween France and Eng- land, and failing, invaded in 1790 the protected State of Travancore. In the ensuing war (1790- 92) the British, under Colonel Stuart and Lord Cornwallis, were aided by the Mahrattas and the Nizam, who joined in the struggle against their powerful neiglibor both out of fear and religious hatred, Tippu being a fanatical Mohammedan. The Sultan laid waste the Carnatic and advanced almost to the gates of Madras, but was defeated near Seringapatam in March. 1792. and compelled to cede one-half of his dominions, pay an indemni- ty of 3000 lacs of rupees, restore all prisoners. and give his two sons as hostages for his fidelity. Nevertheless, his secret intrigues against the British were almost immediatelv resumed. Hos- tilities began in JIarch, 1799, and two months after Tippu was driven from the open field and attacked in his capital of Seringapatam, which was stormed on jlay 4th, the Sultan himself being slain after an heroic resistance. His do- minions and property were confiscated, a portion of -Mysore,' however, being assigned to the Nizam. Consult Bowring, Haidar Ali and Tipii Hultuii (London. 1 893). TIP'TON. A town in South Staffordshire, England. 4i,o miles southeast of Wolverhampton, with collieries, blast furnaces, and iron manu- factures. Population, in 1891, 29,314; in 1901, 30,543. TIPTJLIDiE. See Crane-Flv. TIPWORM. The larva of one of the gall- midges (CccidoiHi/la oxycoccana), which occurs in the terminal buds of the cranberry plant and causes them to become unusually ])rominent and to stop the development of the leaves. After attack the tip usually dies. The adult fly has a red abdomen and a grayish thorax, and is about one-sixteenth of an inch in length. The female has a long, extensive ovipositor by means of which she thrusts her eggs into the heart of the young shoot. The larva is a minute orange-red or yellow grub. See also Hop Insects. TIRABOSCHI, tj'ra-bos'ks, Girol.mo (1731- 94). An Italian author, born at Bergamo. He studied at ilonza, and became a Jesuit. He was appointed professor of rhetoric at Milan, where he wrote his first work, ^'etcra Huniiliatornm Monu- mcnta (17GG), and in 1770 succeeded Father Gra- nelli as librarian to the Duke of Jlodena. Tirabos- chi now availed himself of the rich stores of the ducal library, besides making extensive researches in other archives, to compose his Gloria della let- tcratura italiana (1770-82, in 14 vols.). It embraces the history both of ancient and modern Italy, and is especially vahuable for the light it throws upon the intellectual condition of the Peninsula during the Dark Ages, and the brilliant period from Dante to Tasso. Tiraboschi ends his elaborate survey with the close of the seven- teenth century. Abridged translations have ap- peared in French and German. Other works by him are Biblioteca modenese ( 1781-86) and Mem- orie storiche modenesi (1793). TIRARD, te'rlir', Pieree EM5[.NrEi, (1827- 93). A French statesman, born in Geneva, where he learned the goldsmith's trade. He went to Paris about 1846. and in 1870 became mayor of the Sixth Arrondissement. In 1876 he entered the Chamber of Deputies as a radical Republican and he was successively Minister of Agriculture and Commerce (1879-81. and in 1882)! Jlinister of Finance (1882-85). and Premier (1887-88 and 1SS9-00). Subsequently he resumed the seat in the Senate to which he had been elected in 1883. From December, 1892, to April, 1893, he was Minister of Finance in Ribot's Cabinet. TIRASPOL, te-ras'p61. A town in the Gov- ernment of Kherson, South Russia, on the left bank of the Dniester, 73 miles by rail northwest of Odessa (Map: Russia, C 5). It manufactures flour, brick, pottery, and ironware, and has a large trade. Population, in 1897, 27,585, TIREE, tire', or TYREE. A Scottish island, one of the Inner Hebrides (q.v.). included in Argj'llshire. 20 miles northwest of lona (Map: