Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 19.djvu/34

* TAMMUZ. 18 TAMStTI. back to the oldest period of the Babylonian religion. He appears to have been originally an agricultural deity, whose seat of worship may have been at Eridu on the Persian Gulf. In the developed Babylonian mjthology, however, he became the symbol of the decay of vegetation after the close of the summer season, pictured as slain by the goddess Ishtar after she has secured hiin as her husband. The death of Tammuz gave rise in Babylonia to the mourn- ing ceremonies described by Ezekiel, and from Babylonia as a centre the cult spread to the West. Among the Canaanites and Phoenicians, Tammuz was known as Adonai, 'the lord,' and ' this name survives under the form Adonis (q.v.). Among the Phoenicians the chief temple and worship of Adonis was at Byblus (or Gebal), and from Phoenicia the Adonis cult was carried to Cyprus and Greece, where he was connected with Aphrodite. His festivals were partly the expressions of joy, partly of mourning. In the latter the women gave themselves up to the most unmitigated grief over the 'lost Adonis,' shaved off their hair, and sacrificed their chastity in his temples. The days of mourning were completed by a solemn burial of an image of the god. This period was followed by a succession of festive and joyful days, in honor of the resurrection of Adonis. The river Adonis (Jfahr Ibrahim), which once a year 'ran purple to the sea' from the Lebanon, was supposed to be tinged by the blood of the god : and a vessel sent off from Alexandria, and carried by the tide to Byblus, used to inform the mourners by letter that he had been found again. These feasts were cele- brated during the summer solstice. The fourth month in the Babylonian calendar, known as Tam- muz and adopted by the Hebrews, preserves the name of the god and furnishes a valuable testi- mony as to the time when his festival was cele- brated, since the Babylonian year began in the spring. Adonis of Byblus was identified at a later period with Osiris, and the myth under- went various transformations in thus passin,g from one people to the other. Consult: Robert- son Smith, Religion of the Semites (London, 1894) ; Frazer, The Golden Bough (London, 1900). TAM 0' SHANTEK. One of the best known poems of Robert Burns, based on the popular belief that no evil spirit can pass the middle of a running stream. The hero is pursued bv 'Cutty Sark' for disturbing a dance of imps at Alloway Kirk, and succeeds in crossing the River Doon in safety. TAM'PA. A port of entry and the coimty seat of Hillsboro County, Fla., 2-10 miles south by west of Jacksonville, at the mouth of the Hillsboro River, on Tampa Bay, and on the At- lantic Coast Line and the Seaboard Air Line railroads (Jlap: Florida, F 4). There is also steamship connection bv way of Port Tampa with the principal Atlantic and Gulf ports. Tampa is favored with an attractive situation and a healthful climate, and has become a fa- mous winter resort. Noteworthy are the Tampa Bav Hotel, one of the largest toiirist hotels in America : De Soto Park, the scene of the en- campment of the United States Volunteers dur- ing the Spanish-American War: the old Govern- ment reservation ; and the Convent of Holy Names. Tampa is an important shipping point through Port Tampa for phosphate, fruits, vege- tables, turpentine, rosin, lumber, fish, cattle, and wheat Hour. Tobacco is imported extensively. In the year ending June 30, lUOl, the total trade of the customs district amounted to $2,834,871, including exports to the value of $1,321,419. The industrial interests of the city are confined chief- ly to the manufacture of cigars, the output of which in 1902 was valued at nearly $10,000,000. Fishing also is largely carried on. Under the charter of 1899, the goverimient is vested in a mayor, chosen biennially, and a unicameral coun- cil. Tampa was settled in 1848 as an army post, and was incorporated in 1886. In the latter year it became a port of entry. During the decade 1890-1900 the city had a very rapid grovth, the population, in 1890, being 5532; and in 1900, 15,839. TAMPA BAY. An inlet of the Gulf of Mexico on the west coast of Floridji (Map: Florida, F 4). It is about 40 miles long, and from 6 to 15 miles in width, the northern part being divided into Old Tampa and Hillsboro bays. Its entrance is protected by a line of keys, or low islands, and it forms an excellent harbor with a depth of 22 feet in the main en- trance. It contains a number of small islands. TAMPAN. A tick (q.v.), of Southern Africa, remarkable for its ver.v poisonous bite, found in Angola, and southward, and described by Living- stone in his Travels. It attacks by preference the parts between the fingers or toes, attains the size of a pea, and when filled with blood is dark- blue, and so tough that it cannot be burst bv squeezing with the fingers. The first effect of the bite is a mingled sensation of pain and itching, which ascends the limb until it reaches the abdomen, and soon causes either violent vomiting and purging, or fever. The tingling sensation lasts for a W'eek. TAMPICO, tam-pe'k6. A Mexican seaport in the State of Tamaulipas, 206 miles northeast of the City of Mexico, on the Pftnuco, near its mouth (Map: Mexico, K 6). The town lies only 25 to 50 feet above sea level, and is surrounded by lagoons, which make it very unhealthful. It has broad streets and squares, the largest of the latter, the Plaza Constitucion. having a public garden in its centre. The most notable building is the parish church of the Jesuits. The harbor has been improved by the construction of a breakwater and jetty, so that the trade in wool, hemp, hides, hone.v. drugs, Cuba wood, and mining ores, in exchange for manufactured articles, now surpasses that of Vera Cruz. The Monterey and Mexican Gulf and the Mexican Central branch of the San Luis Potosf railroads connect the town with the interior States of Northern Mexico, of which it is the chief outlet. Its population in 1895 was 11.912. Tampico was an Aztec cit.v. In 1683 it was destro.ved by the pirate Lorencillo and was not rebuilt till 1823. It received the name Santa Ana de Tamaulipas in 1834. and was the scene of a Mexican victory over the Spanish in 1827. TAMSTTI, tam'so?)'d (Chin.. Freshwater). A port on the north coast of Formosa, opened to irorpign residence and trade by the treaty of Tientsin (1S5SK and continued as such by the Jnpanese. It stands at the mouth of the Tanisui River, 13 miles from Jai-peh. The principal