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* TILLEMONT. 288 TILLY. born in Paris. He was educated at Port-Royal, under the Jansenist influence, and was ordained a priest in 1G7G, mainly at the persuasion of liis friend Le Maistre de Sacy, who had long been his spiritual adviser. In 1681 Tilleniont made a visit to Holland and Flanders, for the purpose of seeing Arnauhl and other .Jansenist refugees. He had worked meanwhile on his Church history. To avoid the opposition of the censor, he sep- arated from the Church history the history of the emperors, which he was enabled to print as a di^^tiuct work, without referring it to the censorship, under the title Histoire des empereurs, etc. (1001-1738). In 1093 the first volume of the Church history appeared under the title Me- moires pour servh' a I'histoire ecclesiastique des six premiers sieclcs, complete in 10 volumes (1693-1712). The Histoire des empereurs com- prises all the reign^5 from Augustus to Anastasius (.518 1 : the llisloire ccck'siastiqiii' comes down to about ihe same period. Both are laborious com- pilations from the original writers. He was also autiior of Vie de iiaint-Louis (new ed., 1847-51). TIL'LEY. Sir S.muel Leoxakd (1818-96). A Canadian political leader, born at Gagetown, Kew Brunswick. He took a great interest in the temperance question, and in 18.50 he was elected to the New Brunswick Legislature by the Lib- erals, and there played an important part until 1805. He advocated Canadian union in 1864. and in 1806 succeeded in carrying Xew Brunsw ick for that cause. He was a delegate to the West- minster Conference where the British North American Act (1867) was drawn up, and on the establishment of the new Government he Avas elected to the Dominion House of Commons, and appointed Minister of Customs. Afterwards he held the portfolios of Public Works and Finance, and in 1873 he became Lieutenant-Governor of New Brunswick. In 1878 he was again elected to the House of Commons and again appointed Minister of Finance. In 1885 he retired from Dominion politics, but accepted a reappointment as Lieutenant-Governor of New Brunswick, an office which he held until 1893. TILL'MAN, Benjamin Ryan (1847—). An American politician, born in Edgefield County, S. C. He was educated at Bethany Academy, became a planter, and interested himself in the development of industrial and technical educa- tion in South Carolina. He became the recog- nized leader of the farming element in the Demo- cratic Party in South Carolina, received the sup]X)rt of the 'Farmers' Alliance.' and in 1890, as the Democratic candidate, was elected Gov- ernor of the State. He w-as reelected in 1892, and in 1895 was elected L'nited States Senator, being reelected to that office for a second time in 1901. His speeches against President Cleve- land in 1895-96 in the Senate won him the name of 'Pitchfork' Tillman. He was active in both 'free-silver' campaigns, in 1896 and 1900, as one of the most radical supporters of the candidacy of W. J. Bryan. An assault which he made on his colleague, J. L. McLaurin, in the Senate, Feb- ruary 12, 1902, led to the censure of both by that body. TIL'LO, Alexei Andreyevitch (1839-1900). A Russian general and scientist, distinguished for bis work in geodesy, meteorology, terrestrial mag- netism, hypsometry. He was born at Kiev and attended the Russian military schools. He stud- ied at the Astronomical Observatory at Pulkova, receiving a thorough training in geodesy under Struve and Doellen, and it was chieflj' through his eil'orts that the Imperial Department of Agri- culture organized exjJeditions to study the sources of the principal Russian rivers. He was an in- defatigable observer, explorer, author, and inves- tigator and the most prominent geographer of his day in Russia. His published works include magnetic and meteorological charts and the physi- ometric charts of Russia. TILLODONTIA, til'l&-don'shi-a (Neo-Lat. nom. pi., from Gk. Ti?.?.civ, tillein, to pluck, tear + odoic, odous, tooth). An extinct sub- order of early Tertiary fossil mammals sup- posed to be ancestral to the modern rodents. The prineipal genera, Esthonyx, Tillotherium, Stylinodon, Dryptodon, and Anchippodus, are foimd in the Eocene and Miocene beds of the Western United States. See Rodenti.. TIL'LOTSON, .John (1630-94). Archbishop of Cantcrbui'y. He was born in Sowcrby, in Yorkshire, in 1630, the son of a clothier, who was a zealous Independent. He was educated at Clare Hall, Cambridge. He was a preacher in 1061 — attached apparently to the Presbyterian party in the Church of England, for at the Sa- voy Conference (q.v. ) he was present as an au- ditor on the Presbyterian side ; but he submitted at once to the Act of Uniformitj' (1662), and in 1663 he was appointed to the rectory of Ked- dington in Suflolk, and almost immediately after was chosen preacher at Lincoln's Inn. In 1666 he published The Rule of Faith, in reply to a work by an English clergyman named Sargeant, who had gone over to the Roman Catholic Church. He was made a pre- bendary of Canterbury in 1070 and dean in 1072. With Burnet, he attended Lord Russell during his imprisoiunent for complicity in the Rye House Plot, and on the accession of William III. rose high into favor. In March, 1689, he was appoint- ed clerk of the closet to the King: in November, made Dean of Saint Paul's: and in April, 1091, was raised to the see of Canterbury, vacant by the deposition of Sancroft (q.v.), after vainly imploring William to spare him an honor which he foreboded would bring him no peace. Nor was he mistaken in his painful presentiment. The non-juring ])arty pursued him to the end of hia life: but he bore their animosity without com- plaint or attempt at retaliation. A collected edi- tion of his Hermans, in 14 volumes, was pub- lished after his death by his chaplain. Dr. Bark- er (London, 1694), and has been frequently re- printed. The best edition of his sermons and other works is by Dr. T. Birch, who also wrote his Life (London, 1752). TILLY, .JoHANN TsERKLAES. Count of (1559- 1632). A Catholic general in the Thirty Years' War. He was born at the Castle of Tilly, in Bra- bant, in 1559. He received his military training in the Spanish armies, fought against the Turks in Hungary, and in 1610 was selected by Duke Jlaximilian of Bavaria to reorganize his army. At the outbreak of the Thirty Years' War (q.v.) he was placed in command of the forces of the Catholic League and on November 8. 1620, won the battle of the White Hill, near Prague, which put an end to the short reign of Frederick of the