Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 19.djvu/299

* THRASHER. 253 THREAD- WORMS. to the Rockies. It is migratory in the North, but winters in the Southern States. It is about a foot long, rich ferruginous above, creamy, spot- ted with brown beneath. It is one of the finest songsters native to America and is also a very THREAD. An exceedingly small twine made by twisting several thicknesses of yarn so as to produce a strong and well-rounded line for sewing with, either of cotton, flax, or silk. THREADFISH, Cobuler-Fish, or Sunfish. A well-known fish (A (cod's ciliaris) allied to the pompanos, of both coasts of tropical . ierica, where it has some commercial importance. It is BBOWN THRABHER. fine mimic, thus resembling the mocking bird, to which it is nearly related. Its nest is placed in a low bush or on a brush heap, and the eggs are profusely peppered with brown specks. See Plate of Eggs of American Song Birds. Con- sult Coues, Brrds of the Colorado Yalley (Wash- ington, 187S). THRAS' YBUOitrS ( Lat., from Gk. epaaipovM, Thrasyhoulos ( ?-B.c. 390). An Athenian gen- eral and a prominent member of the democratic party at Athens during the last years of the Peloponnesian War. In company with Thrasyl- lus at Samos, in B.C. 411, he vigorously opposed the establishment of the Four Hundred, and was instrumental in securing the recall of Alcibiades from exile. In the same year he, with Thrasyllus, defeated the Peloponnesian ad- miral Mindarus at Cynossema, and in B.C. 407, in command of a fleet of thirty vessels, he compelled the submission of the revolted cities in Thrace. He held a subordinate command in the battle of Arginusae (B.C. 400), and afterwards concurred with Theramenes in the accusation of the generals therein engaged. Being banished by the Thirty Tyrants (B.C. 404), he went to reside at Thebes, where he planned the overthrow of the Thirty and the reestablishment of the democracy. With a hundred men, refugees like himself, he seized the deserted fort of Ehyle, and, being here joined by others, advanced on the Pir«us itself. In the battle that ensued the Thirty were worsted, and, as a result, the democratic form of government was soon reestablished at Athens. In B.C. 395 Thrasybulus commanded a force sent to assist Thebes against the Spartans. In B.C. 391 he was dispatched, in command of forty triremes, to the assistance of Rhodes, but, first sailing to the Hellespont, succeeded in extending the alliances of Athens in those regions. When his fleet reached Pamphylia he was slain by night in his tent by the peo])le of Aspendus, in consequence of some misdeeds committed by his soldiers. THRASYIiTLUS (Lat.. from Gk. OpaavTilog), Monument of. A choragic monument at Athens erected in B.C. 320, by Tlirasyllus, in a cave above the Theatre of Dionysus. An ornamental archi- tectural front closed the cave and was surmounted by a statue of Dionysus, now in the British mu- seum. The monument is almost entirely de- stroyed with the exception of an inscribed archi- trave, and two columns designed for votive tri- pods, on the face of the rock above the cave. THREADFISH. of moderate size, has the curious shape shown in the illustration, and owes its names to the long filaments (becoming shorter with age) into which the first few rays of the dorsal and anal fins are prolonged. THREAD-HERRING, or Machuelo. A small fish (Opisthoneiixi oglinum), closely re- lated to sardines and menhaden, common along the Southern coast ; it is 12 inches long, bluish above and silvery below, with an indistinct bluish shoulder-spot, and has a long dorsal fin-filament, from which the fish receives its name. THREADNEEDLE STREET. A London street, on which stands the Bank of England, hence popularly called the "Old Lady of Thread- needle Street." The origin of the name is said' to be the three needles as the escutcheon of the Needlemakers' Company. THREAD-WORMS. The thread or round- worms are memliers of the class Nematelminthes, order Nematoidea, and are so called from their slender round thread-like body. The dense skin is not segmented, and the body-cavity (coelome) is not lined with epithelium, but is directly bounded by the muscles of the body. There is a definite digestive canal. Two excretory canals open in front on the ventral side of the body, while the nervous system consists of a ring around the pharynx, from which two main nerve cords pass backward. The true thread-worms undergo no metamorphosis. They are mostly parasitic and usually bisexual. Some of them are free, living coiled up under stones between tide-marks; certain minute species occur in fresh water or damp earth or nnid. A few live in plants, and Ti/lencha tritici damages wheat. The more common parasitic forms are species of Ascaris, Trichina. Oxyuris. etc. Of Ascaris, the human roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides) is remarkable for its great size, being 5-0 inches long, and about a tenth of an inch in diameter; it has three papilla; around the mouth and is milk-white. The common pin-worm {Oxyuris vermiciilaris] lives in the rectum of children; the palisade-worm (Eustrongyhis girjas), one female of which was 39 inches in length and the thickness of a quill, the male being one-third as