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* THOMPSON. 240 THOMPSON. on the Pathology and Treatment of Stricture of the Urethra (London, 18.53). and The Healthy and Morbid Aniitoniy of the Prostrate Gland (London, KSOO ), each won for liini the Jacksoniun prize of the Royal College of Surgeons. In 1S04 he became surgeon extraordinary to Leopold 1. (by whom, owing to the success of an operation, he was knighted in 1867) and in 1868 to his suc- cessor, Leopold II. In 1864 he was made an officer of the Order of Leopold, and in 1870 was promoted commander. He studied painting, and frequently exliibited pictures at the Royal Acad- emy (London), the Salon (Paris), and el.se- where. He first brouglit the (|uestion of cre- mating dead human bodies before the English public, and in 1874 started the Cremation So- ciety of London. He was a voluminous writer. His best known works include: Practical Lith- otomy and Lithotrity (London, 1863); Clinical Lectures on Diseases of the Urinary Organs (ib., 1868); Modern Cremation (ib'., 1890); On Food and Feeding (ib.. 1901) : and the novels Charley Kingston's Aunt and .4// But. which ap- peared under the pseudonym of "Pen Oliver." THOMPSON, .L-vcoB (lSlO-85). An Ameri- can politician, born in Caswell County, N. C. He graduated at the Cniversity of Xorth Carolina and in 1834 he was admitted to the bar, and in the ne.xt year removed to the Chickasaw country in Mississippi. From 1839 to 1851 he was a member of the United States House of Repre- sentatives, served as ehairnum of the Committee on Indian Affairs, and advocated non-acceptance of the Compromise of 1850. In 1857 he be- came Secretary of the Interior, and greatly sys- tematized the work of the de|)artment. though the defalcation of a trusted clerk clouded his administration. In .Januaiy. 1861. he resigned and was appointed aide to General Beauregard, and servetl with him through the Shiloh cam- paign. From 1862 to 1864 Thompson was Gov- ernor of Mississippi. In the latter year he was sent as Confederate commissioner to Canada, and to organize the Confederate sympathizers in Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. Unsuccessful attempts were made to capture the gunboat Michigan, and to organize the escaped Confed- erate prisoners and to take Camp Douglas, free the prisoners there confined, and take Chicago. After the assassination of Lincoln Thompson was charged with complicity, and a price was put upon his head. He escaped to Europe, however, and remained there some time. When he re- turned he was not brought to trial, though a civil suit was brought in 1876 for the money taken by the dishonest clerk while Thompson was Secretary of the Interior. THOMPSON, .Tames Maurice (1844-1901). An American novelist, poet, and journalist, born in Fuiriield, Ind. His boyhood was spent chiefly in Kentucky and Georgia." He served in the Con- federate Army and after the war returned to Indiana, and practiced law and civil engineer- ing at Crawfordsville. From 1885 to 1889 he was State geologist. In 1890 he went to New York and joined the editorial staflf of the Inde- pendent, having already made a name for him- self in literature by Hoosier Mosaics (1875), The Witchery of Archery (1878). A Tallahassee Girl ( 1882), His Second Campaign ( 1882) , Songs of Fair Weather (1883). At Lore's Extremes (1885), By-Ways and Bird Notes (1885). The Boy's Booh- of Sport (1886). A Banker of Bank- ersville (1886). Sylran Secrets (1887). The Story of Louisiana (1888). and .1 Fortnight of Folly ( 1888). His later writings include: I'ocnis (1892): King of Honey Island (1892); The Ethics of Literary Art (1893): The Ocala Box/ (1895); My Winter Garden (1900). good ini- pressionist descriptions of sub-tropical Louisi- ana: and Alice of Old Vincenncs (1900), a very popular novel and his best. Posthumously printed were two immature novels, Sueetheart Manette and Milly (1901). THOMPSON, .ToH.v Reubex (1823-73). An American journalist and poet, born in Richmond. Va. He graduated at the University of Virginia (1844). practiced law in Richmond, became in 1847 editor of the Southern Literary Messenger, which for twelve years he made very influen- tial. In it appeared earlv writings of D. G. Jlitchell, .John E. Cooke. Philip P. Cooke. Paul Hayne. and Henry Timrod. In 1859 he moved to Augusta. Ga.. to edit The Southern Field and Fire- side. The Civil War drove him in 1863 to Lon- don, where he wrote for English magazines in defense of the Confederacy. After the war he returned to America and was literary editor of the New York Erening Post till 1872. His poems enjoyed great local jinpularity. Most admired among them are "The Burial of Latane" and "The Death of Stuart." THOMPSON, Sir .John Sparbow D.vvid ( 1844-94 ) . A Canadian political leader, born at Halifax. Nova Scotia. He received a common- school education and was admitted to the bar in 1865. Here his ability and industry soon ])laced him in the first rank. He took an active interest in politics and in 1877 was elected to the Provincial Assembly. The next year lie was appointed Attorney-General and in 1881 he be- came Premier. In 1882 he was appointed a justice of the Superior Court of Nova Scotia, but in 1885 he gave up this position to accept the portfolio of Minister of .Justice in the Dominion Government, and in 1886 he brilliantly defended the conduct of the Administration in regai'd to Louis Riel (q.v. ). The next year he was chosen legal adviser to the British plenipotentiaries who negotiated the fisheries treaty of 1887 with the L'nited States, and as a reward for his senices was made a knight commander of Saint Michael and Saint George. In 1S92 he became Prime Minister of Camida and in 1893 one of the arbi- trators on the Bering Sea Controversy (q.v.). He died the next year while in Windsor Castle, where he had just taken the oath as a member of the Queen's Pri'y Council. THOMPSON, Joseph Parrish (1819-79). An American clergyman and scholar, born in Philadelphia. He graduated at Yale in 1838, was ordained a Congregational minister in 1840, was pastor in New Haven (1840-45) and New York (1845-71), lecturer on Egyptology at An- dover (1871). and engaged in Oriental studies, chiefly in Berlin, from 1872 till his death. Thomp- son aided in establishing the New York Inde- pendent. Among his publications the more note- worthy are: Egypt. Past and Present (1856): Man in Genesis and Geology ( 1869) ; Church and State in the United States (1874) ; The United States as a Nation (1877); The Workman, His False Friends and His True Friends (1879). His political and social essays are gathered in Ameri- can Comments on European Questions (1884).