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* TALUS. TALUS (Lat., heel). The heap of fragments that acL-uiiuilates at the base of clifls and moun- tain slopes. Weathering is the most important process in the production of such masses, which tend to move slowly downward until they come within reach of the valley stream. The inclin.i- tion of the surface of the talus varies with the size of the fragments, but it rarely exceeds an angle of 35° with the horizontal. TA'LUS. The squire of Artegal in Spenser's Faerie Quecne. He is made of iron, and with his "destroying flail' overthrows giants and an- nihilates 'rascal routs.' The figure is suggested by Greek legend, but symbolizes the contemporary exploits of Lord Grey, himself represented by Artegal in the allegory, during the Irish rebel- lion. TAL'VI. See Robinson, Thebese Albebtine LUISE. TAMANACA, ta'ma-na'ka. A tribe of Cari- ban stock (q.v.j who formerly lived on the Cuchivero River, a southern affluent of the Ori- noco, Central Venezuela. They were at one time one of the most powerful tribes of Venezuela and were Christianized and gathered into mission villages by the Spanish missionaries before the year 1780, but by the incessant attacks of the savage Carib (q.v.) they were so utterly wasted that before the year 1840 the name had disap- peared, and they are supposed to be entirely extinct. TAMAN'DUA. See Akt-Eater. TAMAQUA, ta-msTcwa. A borough in Schuylkill County, Pa., 17 miles northeast of Pottsville, on the Little Schuylkill River, and on the Philadelphia and Reading and the Central of New Jersey railroads, being the western ter- minus of the latter, and the headquarters of a division of the former (Map: Pennsylvania, F 3 ). It is known for its extensive coal-mining interests, and has considerable industrial im- portance. The leading manufactures are foun- dry and machine-shop products, stoves, powder, flour, shoes, furniture, knit goods, and beer. The water-works are owned by the municipality. Tamaqua was settled in 1799, was incorporated as a town in 1832, and was chartered as a borough in 1852. Population, in 1890, 6054; in 1900, 72G7. TAMAB, ta'miir. A picturesque river which rises in the north of Cornwall, England, and after a southeast course of 60 miles enters the English Channel by its estuary the Hamoaze, at Plymouth (Map: England, B"6). It forms the boundary of the counties of Cornwall and Devon for 45 miles, and is navigable as far as Launces- ton. Consult Bray, The Tamar and the Tavy (London, 1879). TAMABACK (North American Indian name), Larix Americana. An American timber tree common in swamps, valued for posts, poles, ties, etc. It is less ornamental than its close relative, the European larch, which is more fre- quently planted. See Labch. TAMARAO, ta'mi-rii'o (native name). A small, sturdily built native buffalo {Bos Mindo- rensis) of the Philippines. It is about 3% feet high at the shoulders, is clothed with thick brown hair, and has short, triangular, massive 14 TAMARISK. horns, which have a lyrate curvature upward from the face. Compaje BuFFAlX). TAMARIN. See Marmoset. TAMARIND (ML. tamarirtdus, from Ar. tamr llindi, tamr al-Hind, date of India, from tamr, date, from tainara, to nourish on dates, and Hindi, Hindu, Hind, India), Tamarindns Indica. A beautiful spreading tree, of the natural order Legimiinoste, a native of India, very generally cultivated in warm climates. It bears brown, many-seeded pods about six inches long and three-quarters of an inch thick, filled with acidu- lous, reddish-brown pulp which is exported in jam-like masses to Europe. Tamarinds are gen- TAMARIND AND FRUIT. erally preserved by pouring hot syrup on the ripe pulp; but a better method is to put alter- nate layers of tamarinds and sugar in a stone jar, the color and taste being thus more like the fresh pulp. The wood of the tamarind tree, and especially of its roots, is extremely hard, but though worked with difficulty, it is valued for cabinet work. The tamarind plum (Dialium indum) and the allied brown and velvet tama- rinds of Sierra Leone closely related to Tama- rindus yield a similar pulp. Tamarind pulp is used in India as a cool- ing food, as an ingre- dient in curries, and for making sherbet. Tamarind trees are grown to some extent in Florida, but were not satisfactory when ,,.j..., tested at Berkeley, Cal. TAMARISK (Lat. iftmuriscus, tarn arix, t a mar ice, tamarisk; perhaps connected with Skt. tamalaka, tamSla, sort of tree with dark bark, tamas, darkness), Tamarix. A genus of plants of the natural order Tamaricaceae. The common tamarisk (Tamarix GalUca) grows in sandy places in the Mediterranean region and is often plant- ed for ornament in Europe and the United States. It sometimes attains a height of 30 feet. COMMON TAMARISK.