Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 19.djvu/269

* THESSALY. 225 THIBAUDEAU. one time to have occupied Pliocis. Their strength was in the cavalry, composed of the nobles, to which were added peltasts or light infantry, composed [irobably of Pencstse. The Thessalians soon brought under their rule the mountainous districts surrounding the Peneus valley, occupied by the Perrlia-luans, Magnetes, and Achseans of Phthiotis, who as independent tribes had places in the Aniphicty- onic Council, but later paid tribute and mili- tary service to the Thessaliaus. The other border tribes, the Dolopians, .Enianians. and Malians, were also in actual, if not nominal, de- pendence. The growing poNer of Thessaly re- ceived a severe check at the hands of the Pho- cians. and after the Persian wars it played but a small part in Greek history, until in the fourth century B.C. for a brief period it was united under the rule of the able tyrant of Phera>, Jason, who Becured his election as tagus, collected a strong force of cavalry and mercenary infantry, organ- ized a fleet, and at the time of his assassination (B.C. 370) seemed likely to anticipate the career of Philip of ilacedon. His successors were blood- thirsty tyrants and the united Thessaly was quickly dissolved, though the old district organi- zation was revived under the influence of Pelo- pidas and the Thebans. During the Sacred War the country was at one time occupied by the Phocians. but in B.C. 3.52 passed under Mace- donian control, and in B.C. 344 Philip was elected archon (the new name of the tagus) of Thes- saly and the country was virtually united to Macedon. Thessaly remained subject to the Macedonian kings till the victory of Flamininus, at Cynoseephala?, in B.C. 197. placed it under the protection of Rome. Under the Roman emperors Thessaly was united with Macedonia, but after Constantine it was a separate province. In 1204, with other portions of the Eastern Empire, it came imder the dominion of the Venetians, and in the fourteenth century it was conquered by the Turks. The southern part of Thessaly was freed from Turkish rule at the time of the Greelc Revolution. The bulk of the region was ceded to Greece in 1S81 as a result of the demand of the Great Powers made on the conclusion of the Russo-Turkish War. A small mountainous dis- trict in the north still belongs to Turkey. In 1897 Thessaly was the principal seat of the Greco-Turkish War, the Turks forcing the Milou- na and Raveni passes, in the Olympian range, on the frontier, and finally occupying Larissa. Thes- saly comprises the nomes of Phthiotis, Larissa, Karditsa, Trikkala, and Magnesia. THET'FORD. A municipal and Parliamen- tary borough and market town in Norfolk, Eng- land, on the Little Ouse, 79 miles northeast of London (Map: England. G 4). It has an eventful history and in the reign of Edward III. contained eight monasteries and twenty churclies. Its most important relic of antiquity is the castle hill, a mound 1000 feet in circumference and 100 feet high, probably the largest Celtic earthwork in England. Population, in 1891. 4247: in 1901, 4600. THE'TIS (Lat.. from Gk. e^rij). In Greek legend, the most famous of the Nereids (q.v.). She was the daughter of Nereus and the Oceanid Doris, and was loved by both Zeus and Poseidon. When Themis prophesied that her son wouhl be mightier than his father the gods desi.sted from their suit, and compelled her to wed Pelem (q.v.), who. in spite of lier frequent transforma- tions, held her fast until slie returned to human form. By Peleus .she became the mother of Achilles (q.v.). In Homer she is represented as living with her father in the depths of the sea. She was said to liave protected Dionysus when he fled from Lycurgus, and to have tended Hephiestus when he was hurled from heaven l>y Hera. THEURIET, te're'ft', A.N'URe (1833-). A Frcncli poet and novelist, liorn in Marly-Ie-Roi (Seine-et-Oise). He studied law in Paris, was admitted to practice in 1857, and soon after- wards accepted a position in a department of the Ministry of Finance. Already, however, his in- terests had turned to literature. His favorite field is the provincial idyll of humble life. His first poems were gathered as Le chemin des bois (1867). They show close observation of nature. The human figures are hewers of wood, wliose hard struggles the poet describes truthfully and with feeling. Le bleu et le noir, poemes de la vie rccle (1876), is among his best volumes of verse. Theuriet describes Breton landscapes with charm- ing and life-like touches. Of about sixtv volumes of fiction the best are Le mariaf/e de Gerard (1875) and Amour d'automne (i888). There niav also be mentioned: Rehic des bois (1890) ; La Chanoiiiesse (1893): Frida (1900): and J.n soeur de lait (1902). The nearest analogue to the best of Theuriet's fiction is the pastoral work of George Sand, but his style, marked by occa- sional archaisms, more nearly resembles that of Bernardin or of Rousseau. In the drama Theu- riet wrote Jean-Marie (1871); La maisoii des deux Barbeanx (1885) ; and Jours d'ele (1901). In 1896 he was elected to the Academy. THEVENET, tav'na'. Marius (184.5—). A French politician, born in Lyons. He studied law and gained great distinction at the bar of his native cit.y. and was elected a Deputy from the Department of the Rhone in 1885. He was ap- pointed Minister of .Justice and Public Worship February 22, 1889, in the second Cabinet of Ti- rard. He displayed great activity in this position in the suppression of Boulangism. and vigorously prosecuted Paul Deroul6de as chief of the League of Patriots. He was reelected Deputy in 1889, lost his portfolio at the fall of the Ministry, March 17, 1890, and in 1892 was elected Senator from the Department of the Rhone. He was im- plicated in the Panama scandal, but escaped prosecution. His militant attitude in the Drey- fus affair caused him to fail of reelection to the Senate in 1900. THIBATJDEAXT, te'b6'd6', Antoine Claire, Count (1765-1854). A French statesman and historian, born at Poitiers. The outbreak of the French Revolution found him a lawyer in liis native city. He was elected to the Convention in 1792. joined the partv of the Mountain, and voted for the death of 'the King. In 1796 he was chosen president of the Council of Five Hundred. He abandoned his extreme views, opposed the coMp of the 18th Fructidor (Septem- ber 4, 1797), and was saved from deportation bv the intervention of friends. After the coup of tiie 18th Brumaire (November 9, 1799) he was made Prefect of Bordeaux and lield the position of Councilor of State till 1808. In th.at year he