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* THAK. 182 THAYER. horns are black and bend backward. This spe- cies is known in Kashmir as 'kras,' and in Nepal as 'jharal.' See Plate of Goat-Antelopes. THA'SOS (Lat., from Gk. Giffot). The most northerly island in the /Egean Sea. a few miles oft' the coast of Macedonia. Circumference, about 40 miles; population, about 12,000, scattered over a dozen villapes. Thasos is mountainous, the chief summit, Hypsarion, being about 3400 feet in height, and is. on the whole, barren. It exports some oil. honey, and timber. The island seems to have been the seat of a Phoenician trad- ing-post in very early times, but near the end of the eighth century B.C. it was colonized by Parians. The settlers had a severe struggle with the natives before they finally secured posses- sion of the island and its rich gold mines. They later secured a footing on the neighbor- ing coast, where gold wi.s also found, and in con- sequence became very wealthy. Thasos submitted to the Persians, but after the defeat of Xer.xes joined the Delian League. In consequence of an attempt to revolt, it was reduced by the Athe- nians, who retained possession of it for the great- er part of the time until the end of the third cen- tury B.C., when it passed into the hands of Mace- don. After the battle of Cynoscephalfe (B.C. 197) Thasos long enjoyed autonomy under the Romans. Consult: Perrot, Memoire sur Vile dc Thasos (Paris, 1864) ; Conze, Reisen auf den Inseln des tlirakischen Meeres (Hannover, 1860) ; Tozer, Islands of the JEgean (Oxford, 1890) ; Jacobs, Thasiaca (Gottingen, 1893). THATCH'EK, Henry Knox (1806-80). An American naval officer, born at Montpelier, near Thomaston, Jle. He entered the navy as a mid- shipman in 18-23; rose through successive grades to the rank of commodore in 1862 and to that of rear-admiral in 1866. In 1862 he was placed in command of the steam frigate Colorado, with which he joined the North Atlantic Squadron. In December. 1864, and .January, 1865, he com- manded the first division of Admiral David D. Porter's fleet in the attacks upon Fort Fisher, and showed so nuich ability that he was soon aftenvards appointed acting rear-admiral and assigned to succeed Farragut in command of tile West Gulf Squadron. In cooperation with MajorGeneral Canby he then besieged ami captured the city of Mobile with its remaining fortifications and the fleet of Confederate iron- clads. Soon afterwards he occupied Galveston without opposition, and so completed the con- quest of the Gulf coast. In 1866 he was given command of the North Pacific Squadron, a posi- tion which he held until 1868, when he was placed upon the retired list. THAULOW, toulAv, Frits (1847—). A Norwegian landscape painter, born in Chris- tiania. He was a pupil of Siirensen at Copen- hagen and of Gude at Karlsruhe. He became known in France by his snow scenes, his night scenes, his moonlights, and his depiction of water. Examples of his work are "A November Day in Normandy" (National Gallery. Berlin), and "A Steamer on the Seine," besides others in the Luxembourg, the Pinakothek, Munich, and the museums of Stockholm and Christiania. THAU'MATUB'GUS. MATAURGUS, Saint. See Gregory Thau- THAUN, ta'en', PiiiurPE de (fl.c.llOO- C.1135). The earliest Anglo-Norman poet whose work has come <lown to us. Little is known of him. He probably belonged to a family near Caen, France, whence he went to England. He wrote "Li Cumpoz," or "Computus," the so-called "Livre des Crfotures." about 1115. It is a poetical treat- ise in six-syllabled lines on the ecclesiastical calendar. Of its seven manuscripts three are in the British iluseum and three in the Vatican, ilore important is "Li Bestiare," or "Physiolo- gus," which the poet probably composed about ten years later. It was dedicated to Adelaide. Queen of Henry I. But one manuscript has survived, viz.. Cotton, Vespasian, E. x. It contains 3104 verses, consists of lines of six and eight sylliibles, and rhymes in couplets. It is the first French bestiary based on the Latin Physiologus, one of the most noteworthy of the bestiaries (q.v.). Philippe groups his creatures as beasts, birds, and stones, and treats each creature as a symbol. His allegories are in general naive; those of the dove and the pelican are not without beauty. He is more vahuible for his linguistic legacy in connection with the langue d'o'il than for his poetic talents, which were in fact poor. Consult: Mall, Li Cumpoz de Philippe dc Thaiin (Strassburg, 1873); and Walberg, Le bestiaire de Philiiipr du Thaiin (Lund and Paris, 1900). THAXJSING, tou'sing, :XIoritz (1838-84). An Austrian art critic, born near Leitmeritz, Bohemia. He studied at Prague, Vienna, and Mu- nich, and in 1868 became curator of the Arch- duke Albert's collection of drawings and engrav- ings {Albertina, Vienna). In 1873 he was called to the University of Vienna as professor of art history. His publications include: Diirers Briefe, Tagebiichcr iind Reime (1872); Diirer: Gcscliirlitc ncines Lrbens und seiner Kimst (2d ed. 1884). THAX'TER, Celia [Laighton] (1836-94). An American poet, born at Portsmouth, N. H. .Her father was keeper of the Ignited States Gov- ernment lighthou.se on the Isles of Shoals, where her girlhood and much of her after life were passed. In 1851 she married Levi Lincoln Thaxter, a Browning scholar. Mrs. Thaxter's poetry was reflective of her quiet life on the islands. It expressed with simplicity and deli- cacy her feeling for the .sea and its perils, and also for the gentler aspects of nature. ^Her works include: Poems (1872); Among the Isles of Shoals (1873), a series of papers begun in the Atlantic Monthly in 1867; Poems (1874) ; Drift- Weed (1879) ; i'oems for Children (1884) ; The Cruise of the Mysteri/, and Other Poems (1886) ; Idyls and Pastorals (1886); The Yule Log (1889) ; An Island Garden (1894) ; 8toi-i.es and Poems for Children (1895). — Her son Roland (1858 — ), botanist, born at Newton, Mass.. pro- fessor at Harvard since 1891, wrote numerous monographs and contributions to scientific peri- odicals in er'ptogamic botany. THAYER, th:"ir or tha'er. Abbott Henderson (1849 — ). An American figure, landscape, and portrait painter, born in Boston, Slass. His chief artistic training was derived at the Eeole des Beaux-Arts in 1875-79. mainly under Gerome. Until 1891 he painted portraits and occasional landscapes, but afterwards produced mainly ideal figure pieces. As a landscape painter he achieved considerable success, but