Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 19.djvu/19

TAJ MAHAL. east of Agra, India, built by Shah Jehan as a burial place for his favorite wife, who died in l(i29. it is said to have occupied twenty-two years in building and its cost is variously stated at from $9,000,000 to $60,000,000. The building is octag- onal, with sides of 130 feet and a height of 70 feet. It is surmounted by a dome which rises to the height of 120 feet above the roof, and is flanked by four minarets 133 feet high. In the central chamber, above the vault containing the bodies of the Emperor and his wife, are two cenotaphs surrounded by a fine marble screen. The exterior of the mausoleum is covered with arabesques and passages from the Koran in mosaic.

TAKAMATSU, ta'ka-mat'soo. The capital of the Prefecture of Kagawa in Japan, on the northern coast of Shikoku (Map: Japan, DO). It was formerly the seat of a daimio and has a fine landscape garden in its southern suburb. Population, in 1898, 34,416.

TAKAOKA, til'ka-(yka. A town in the Pre- fecture of Toyama, Central Hondo, Japan, 10 miles by rail northeast of KanazaWa (Map: Japan, E 5 ) . It manufactures dyes and hard- ware. Population, in 1898, 31,490.

TAKASAKI,. tii'ka-sa'ke. A town in the Prefecture of Gumma, Central Hondo, Japan, situated 63 miles by rail northwest of Tokio ( Map : Japan, F 5 ). It has manufactures of cotton and silk. Population, in 1898, 30,893. TAKASHIMA, ta'ka-she'ma. A small island of Japan, about eight miles southwest of the en- trance to the harbor of Nagasaki (Map: Japan, J 2 ). It is noted for its extensive coal mine, which has been worked since the middle of the eighteenth century.

TAKATA, ta-ika'ta. A town in the Prefecture of Niigata, Northern Hondo, Japan, 42 miles by rail north of Nagano. It has extensive manufac- tures of cotton goods (Map: Japan, F 5). The town was formerly the residence of the daimio of Sakakibara belonging to one of the most noted feudal families of Japan. Population, in 1898, 20,315.

TAKIK, or Gnu-goat. A goat-like animal {Bndorcas taxicolor) of Eastern Thibet, allied to the serow (q.v.), but having horns (in both sexes) bent at right angles, and resembling those of a gnu. Little is known of its habits.

TAKOW, or TAKAO, ta'kou'. A village on the w"est coast of Formosa, thrown open in 1864 by the Chinese for foreign residence and trade and continued as a treaty-port by the Japanese (Map: Japan, E 8). It lies 20 miles south of Tainan (q.v.), with which it is connected by rail, and on the edge of a fertile plain inhabited chiefly by immigrants from Kwang-tung. and producing good crops of rice, sugar, etc. The trade of the port is not very important, but there is a considerable export of sugar. Population, estimated at 7000.

TAKIT, t.a'koo'. A village in the Province of Chi-li, Northern China, near the mouth of the Pei-ho, 30 miles east oif Tien-tsin (Map: China, E 4). It is known for its strong fortifications, which were taken by the British and French fleets in lS.58-00 and by the allied troops on June 17, 1900, during the Boxer uprising.

TALAING. Sec MoNs.

TALAVERA DE LA REINA, ta'lava'ra da la ra'e-na. A town of New Castile, Spain, in the modern Province of Toledo, 68 miles south- west of iladrid, on the Madrid-Valencia de Al- cantara Railroad (Map: Spain, C 3). It is charmingly situated on the right bank of the Tagus, which is here spanned by a quarter-mile bridge of 35 arches. The town is in a fertile, well-watered valley. Its former silk-weaving in- dustry is now fast disappearing, but the town contains important potteries, and cloth, hat, leather, soap, and varnish factories. Its popula- tion in 1900 was 9990. An important battle took place here July 27 and 28, 1809, in which Wellington defeated the French under Joseph Bonaparte, Jourdan, and Victor.

TALBOT. The name of an ancient breed of white dogs, also called 'old Southern hound,' from which have descended many of the modern breeds. The talbot probably derives its name from the ancient family of Talbot, whose coat of arms bears the figure of a dog. See Hound. TALBOT, t.aKbut, Charles, twelfth Earl and only Duke of Shrewsbury (1660-1718). An Eng- lish statesman. He was the son of the eleventh Earl, his mother being the notorious Anna Maria Brudenell, the mistress of the Duke of Bucking- ham, who in a duel killed Charles's father. He was educated as a Roman Catholic, but after the 'Popish Plot' attached himself to the Anglican Church. Although a prominent official at the cor- onation of James II. in 1685 he was one of the seven noblemen who invited William, Prince of Orange, to England. He was active in securing the success of the Revolution, and was Secre- tary of State for the northern province from 1689 to 1690 and again in 1694, on the latter oc- casion being made a Knight of the Garter and created Marquis of Alton and Duke of Shrews- bury. In 1710 he was appointed Lord Chamber- lain by Queen Anne, in 1712 Ambassador to France, and in 1713 Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. Two days before her death in 1714 the Queen ap- pointed him Lord High Treasurer. LTnder George I. he became Lord Chamberlain. His ducal title became extinct at his death in 1718.

TALBOT, John, first Earl of Shrewsbury (c.1388-1453). An English general of Welsh descent. Henry V. appointed him Lord Lieuten- ant of Ireland in 1414, where he was engaged in subduing some of the septs and in other military operations. In 1419 he went to France and took an active part at the sieges of Melun and Meaux and in the battle of Verneuil. In 1424 he re- ceived the Order of the Ciarter. and again became Lord Lieutenant of Ireland under Henry VI. In 1427 he again returned to France, and after nu- merous successes in Brittany was taken prisoner at Patay in 1429 by Joan of Arc. The ransom demanded for his release was so high that he did not regain his freedom until 1433, and then by exchange. In 1442 he was created Earl of Shrewsbury, and in 1446 Earl of Waterford. Lord of Dimgarvan, and Steward of Ireland. With the exception of an interval of rule in Ire- land from 1445 to 1447. the rest of his life was spent in France, where he was distinguished for the audacity and daring of his military exploits, anil where he was killed at the battle of Castillon in 1453.