Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 19.djvu/187

* TERRELL. 147 TERRIER. merci.il centre of a section engaged in farming, cotton-growing, and fruit-growing, and having besides important cattle-raising and lumber in- terests, it is also of some prominence as an in- dustrial city, being known for the manufacture of cottonseed oil. It has shops of the Texas Mid- land Railroad, cotton gins, a cotton compress, a flour mill, a foundry, a canning factory, etc. The government is vested in a mayor, elected every two 3"ears, and a unicameral council. The water- works are owned by the munici]iality. Popula- tion, in 1S90, 2088"; in I'JOO, 0330. TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM. See ]Mag- KETIS.M, TeURESTRIAL. TERRIER (OF. terrier, from JIL. terrarius, relating to the earth, from Lat. term, earth, land, so called from its habit of scratching the ground in pursuit of its prey). A small active domestic dog, used in pursuit of vermin. Sixteen distinct breeds of this dog are officially recognized, sev- eral of wliieh have two sub-varieties, i.e. roiigh- haired and smooth. The earliest authentic men- tion of the terrier is by Dr. Caius, who wrote a Latin treatise on the dog before 1572. He enu- merates among the British dogs 'the terrare,' which he described as used to hunt the fox and badger by following them underground. Strutt describes good terriers in the time of James I. (1003-2.5). This breed was what is now called a fox-terrier, but at that time was black and tan, or pied with white or yellow, of which a large and a small variety were bred. The larger variety became a rough-haired, strong animal, the foundation stock of the English white ter- rier. This breed, crossed with the bulldog, pro- duced the bull-terrier, a dog of infinite courage, out of which, however, all other biilldog char- acteristics have been eliminated. The fox-ter- rier was gradually degraded into a fighting dog, and so lost caste that it became nearly e.xtinct, but was revived about 1805, and became the most popular of all terriers as a pet in the house as well as a useful servant about the stable. While in one direction all the color was being bred out of the original terrier to produce the 'white' dog. so in another direction all the white was being eliminated to produce the pure black- and-tan, imtil that race was perfected. From the smaller specimens of this breed came, by selec- tion, the toy black-and-tan weighing as little as three povmds. The Welsh terrier is a large wire- haired black-and-tan ; and the Irish terrier is a wire-haired yellow variety, claimed to be in- digenous and of the highest antiquity. The Bedlington is a wire-haired variety supposed to be a cross between the low-legged, wire-haired Dandie Dinmont and the otter-hound, but it nuich more strikingly resembles the Irish water do,?. The Airedale is a cross of the rough-haired Enfflish terrier with the otter-hound ; and the Boston terrier is a cross of a smooth-coated ter- rier with the bulldog. In contrast to the above group of long-legged, short -bodied, up-standing dogs, with either rough or smooth coats, are the long-bodied, short-legged dosrs. with a lone and silky covering. This latter group were originally developed in Northern Scot- land. They are the Scotch, a rough wire-haired variety: the Dandie Dinmont with a woolier coat; and the Skyes and Clydesdales with long silky coats. The Yorkshire is the onlv Enrrlish specimen of the low-bodied, silky-haired terrier. Japan boasts the shan-tung, which is almost in- distinguisluihle from llie Skye; and the .Maltese terrier, named from the island, has a coat as long and silky as a Blenheim spaniel. The characteristics of standard varieties are as follows: Fox-tcrricrs. Generally gay, lively, and of active appearance, with bone and strength in a small compass, ca])aljle of speed and endur- ance, and weighing about 20 pounds. The head must be broad between tlie ears and decreasing in width to the eyes; nose tapering and black; ears V-shaped and drooping forward close to the cheek; jaws strong and muscular; legs straight and strong. The coat of the smooth variety is flat and abundant; of the wire-haired variety it is hard, wiry, and broken. The tail, which is usually docked, is .set on high and carried gaily, but not over the back. The hull terrier is a short-haired terrier, weighing from 15 to 50 pounds, of perfect symmetry, the emijodiment of agility, grace, and determination. An all-white coat is most approved, but the American stand- ard permits markings. The tail is left un- cropped; in America cropping of the ears is permitted by the standard, but not in England. TIte black-and-tan is judged in three classes not exceeding 7 poinids, 10 pounds, and 20 pounds respectively. He is a typical terrier, jet black, marked with rich mahogany tan as follows: On tlie head the muzzle must be tanned to the nose, which is black ; a bright spot of tan on each cheek, and above each eye; chin, throat, and in- side of the ears, and the fore legs up to the knees are tan-color, with black lines up each toe, and a black 'thumb mark' above the foot inside the hind legs. The Welsh terrier is a wire-haired variety, black or grizzle and tan in color. The dogs are 15 inches high at the shoulder and 20 pounds in weight. The Irish terrier is a wire- liaired variety, whole-colored, bright red or wheat- ten yellow, weighing 24 pounds, active, lively, and lithe — a gam^y dog, but with the kindest dis- position. The Bedlini/ton is a rough-looking, loosely built dog, with the least general expres- sion of the true terrier. He is 15 to 10 inches high and weighs 24 pounds. His coat is shaggy and usually dark blue. The Airerlale, the latest and largest variety of the family, weighing 40 to 45 pounds, is a wire-haired dog, with the crown, hack, and sides black, and the face, throat, and limbs tan; the tail is docked, and the aspect square, trim, and powerful. The Boston terrier is purely a pet dog of recent creation, which is as much bulldog as terrier, but has lost the wrinkled face and bowed legs of the former, while retaining its brindled markings and screw tail. It weighs 15 to 30 pounds, and is judged in two classes, large and small. The Scottish terrier is a long-barreled, bow-legged, rough-haired dog, weighing Irom 18 to 20 pounds, with prick ears, and tail carried straight up. This dog has a very sharp, brisht, and active expression. His coat is intensely hard and wiry, dense all over his body, and iron-gray, grizzly, or black in color, though sometimes sandy. His feet are large, with strong claws, and he is most capable in unearthing vermin. The Dandie Dinmont is from 8 to 11 inches high, weighs from 14 to 24 pounds, and has a mixed coat of hard and soft hair, and a salt-and-pepper color. His ears are long and )>enilulous. The fikt/e terrier, a good vermin dog, and built low and long (from 81,4 to 10 inches high and 22V2 inches long), has two coats, the