Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 19.djvu/181

TERBORCH Admonition" (c.1655, Amsterdam and Berlin) : "Trumpeter Delivering Love-letter" (Munieli); "Ortieer Writing Letter," and "Ollicer Reading Letter" (both in Dresden) ; and the "Guitar- Lesson" (National Gallery, London). All these have in eomnion a forcible treatment of light and coloring, in which a pronounced lemon tint prevails beside a vigorous brownish red or deep scarlet. During the last two decades of his life his technique reached the height of its develop- ment. Minutely correct in drawing, rich and highly original in coloring, luisurpassed in the rendering of fabric, always harmonious and deli- cate in tone, the creations of his last period may well be ranked with those of the greatest ' colorists. They include: "The JIusic Lesson" (1600, Louvre), "Lute-Player" (in Antwerp, Cassel, and Dresden), "The Concert" (Berlin), "Lady Washing Her Hands" (Dresden), "Paring an Apple" (Vienna), and "The Letter" (Buck- ingham Palace, London), one of his most distin- guished delineations. A striking example of fine modeling and masterly stuff-painting is "The Smoker," in the Berlin Museum, which also pos- sesses four small full-length portraits of superior merit. ' His "Meeting of the Town Council" (1607. Town Hall, Deventer) ranks next to his Miinster picture as regards the number of fig- ures. In the Metropolitan Museum. New York, may be seen a portrait of himself and another portrait of a gentleman. Consult: Michel, Tcr- hurg et sa fanrille (Paris. 1888) ; Rosenberg. Terhorch nnd Jan Stern (Leipzig, 1807); and Lemcke, in Dohme, Kunst und Kunstler, ii. (ib., 1878).

 TERCE. See Breviary.

 TERCEIRA, ter-sa'f-ra. The second largest island of the Azores (q.v.) (Map: Portugal, B 4). Area, 104 square miles. It is of volcanic origin. The coast is lined with precipitous cliffs of lava, and the diversified surface attains a maximum altitude of 3.500 feet in Caldeira de Santa Barbara. Wine, lumber, and archil are produced and largely exported. Angra do Hero- ismo (q.v.), the chief town of the island, is also the seat of government for the entire group. The population of Terceir.a in IflOO was 56,548.

 TER'EBRAT'ULA (Neo-Lat. nom. pi., di- minutive of Lat. terehratiis, p.p. of terehrare, to bore, pierce). A large number of fossil shells, chiefly in the !Mesozoic formations, have been called Terebratula, but the name appears to be properly applicable only to certain species of the ilesozoic and Tertiary, which are closely allied to Terebratula Phillipsi of the Middle Jurassic. Tliis group appeared in the Devonian, and. with a great expansion during the Mesozoic, it continues to the present day. As a rule the shells have a pentagonal or oval outline, with both valves convex, the ventral beak prominent and arching over the dorsal beak and perforated by a usually large foramen. The surface of the shell is always punctate, but in most species this character can be seen only with the aid of a lens. The earlier species are, as a rule, smooth- surfaced shells, while those of the Mesozoic are sometimes striated and in a few instances plicated.

 TEREDO. The generic name of a small bi- valve marine niollusk. colloquially called 'ship- worm' and 'borer,' which perforates woodwork under water, especially ship's timbers and piling, devouring it and making long, .shell-lined tun- nels, many being crowded close together, and so weakening the tindn'r that at last it breaks apart. .'See SiiipwoK.M.

 TEREK, tiir'ek. A river of Southeastern Russia, one of the chief streams (lowing from the Caucasus (Maji: Russia, G G). It rises in a glacier near the summit of Mount Kazbec at an altitude of nearly 14.000 feet, and descends the north slope of the Caucasus in a tumultuous course through deep and narrow gorges. It tlu>n turns east, and after a total (low of 400 miles enters the Caspian Sea through a large delta. It carries down enormous quantities of detritus, and its delta is advancing into the sea at the rate of oxer 100 feet a year. The river is navi- gable 254 miles for small vessels.

 TEREK. A territory in the eastern part of Northern Caucasia (see Caucasus), bordering on the Caspian Sea. Area, about 28.150 square miles (Map: Russia, F 0). It is bounded on the south by the Caucasus ^Mountains, many of whose highest peaks it contains. The in- terior is occupied to a large extent by the off- shoots of the main chain and slopes toward the Terek and the coast, which is low and marshy. The region is watered by the Terek and its tribu- taries, and abounds in mountain lakes. In the lowlands along the coast and the Terek the cli- mate is ver.y unhealthful, and most of the set- tlements are found in the mountainous districts. Terek produces few minerals aside from pe- troleum, which is obtained in increasing quan- tities in the Cirozny chain. At P_yatigorsk (q.v.) are the best known of the mineral springs. Agriculture gives occupation to about 80 per cent, of the inhabitants, but only a small portion of the cultivated land is utilized. The chief products are wheat, corn, r.ye, and hemp. The output of wine is extensive. The natives keep large herds of horses and sheep. Popvilation, in 1897,9.3.3,485. Capital, Vladikavkaz (q.v.).

 TER′ENCE (c.185–c.159 B.C.). A Roman writer of comedies. He was born at Carthage, and was perhaps of African (not Phœnician) origin. He was brought to Rome and there became the slave of the Roman senator Publius Terentius Lucanus. who, out of regard for his handsome person and unusual talents, gave him a good education, and finally manumitted him. On his manumission, he assumed his patron's prænomen and nomen. His first play was the Andria, which was put upon the stage in B.C. 166. Its success was immediate, and introduced its author to the most refined society of Rome, where his engaging address and accomplishments made him a particular favorite. His chief patrons were Lælius and the younger Scipio, after living with whom in great intimacy for some years in Rome he went to Greece, where he spent a year in studying the Greek comedies of Menander, Diphilus, Apollodorus, and others, and adapting them in Latin for the Roman stage. He never returned; and the accounts of how he came by his death are conflicting. He is supposed to have died by drowning in B.C. 159. Six comedies are extant under the name of Terentius, which arc perhaps all he produced: Andria, Hecyra, Heauton-timoroumenos, Eunuchus, Phormio, and Adelphi. Terence preserved a sort of charmed life throughout the dark ages when <section end="Terence" />