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* TENURE. 139 TEPEHUAN. and they were said to hold by virtue of a 'copy of the rolls of the court.' At a Uiter period the paj-- ment of rent in some form was substituted for menial services, and the copyhold tenant, as he came to be called, became a respectable member of the conununity. Many copyhold tenures still prevail, and the old practice of resorting to the 'custom of the manor' to ascertain their character ■or incidents still obtains. In the United .States most of the lands origi- nally granted by the Crown and prot)rietors of 'plantations' were held in free and common socage, and a modified form of this tenure still obtains in a few States. In most of the States, however, all feudal tenures have been abolislied and lands are held allodially, that is, absolutely and subject only to the right of eminent domain in the State. See Blackstone and Kent, Com- vienturics; Pollock and JIaitland. History of the English Lain (2d ed., Boston and London, ISSH)) ; Encyclopwdia of the Laics of I-Jngkiiid {London, 1897-98) ; Degbv, History of the Law of Real Property (2d ed., Oxford, 1884) ; Williams, Real Property ( lOth ed., London, 1902). TENURE OF OFFICE ACT. A term some- times applied to an act of Congress passed in 1820, chieiiy through the influence of V. H. Craw- ford, Secretary of the Treasury, creating a four- year tenure for a large number of Federal offices, previously held by an indefinite tenure of good behavior. This act is usually regarded as having prepared the way for the introduction of the spoils system. The name Tenure of Office Act, how- ever, is most commonly associated with the important act of 1807, which grew out of the ■controversy between Congress and President Johnson. It had been the practice from the es- tablishment of the Government in 1789 to eon- cede to tlie President the right to dismiss with- out the consent of the Senate all Federal officers appointed by him, inasmuch as the Constitution did not expressly require such consent, and in view of his sole responsiliility for the execution of the laws. But on account of President .John- son's opposition to the Congressional policy of reconstriiction it was feared by Congress that he ■would use his great power of dismissal to impede its plan of reconstruction, and accordingly the Tenure of Office Act was passed over his veto on 'Jlarch 2, 18C7. providing that the consent of the Senate should be necessary to the dismissal of any officer appointed by and with the advice and consent of that bod.v. Cabinet officials were also included in this. This was a complete re- versal of the policy of the Government with regard to removals from office, and the Presi- dent's disregard of the law in removing Secretary Stanton was the main cause of his impeachment by the House of Representatives. (See Ijipeach- MENT. ) With the accession of General Grant to the Presidency in 1809, the more objectionable features of the act were stricken out. and finally, in 1887, the act as a whole was repealed. TENZON, or Texsox (Prov. tenso. from Lat. teiisio. stretching, contention, from tenderc. to stretch). In Provencal poetry, a debate in verse between two poets, and hence a special metrical form adopted for the purpose. See Provencal LlTER.ATURE. TEOCALLI. tri'o-klirye (Nahuatl. bouse of the god). The ancient Mexican term for a tem- VOL. xi..— lU. pie and place of sacrifice and worship. The teocallis were connnonly low, truncated, four- sided pyramids of earth, stone, or brick, a small temple building being placed on the fiat svnnmit. There was also as a rule a sacrificial stone on the summit, where public sacrifices were made. The term has come to be applied more specifical- ly to the teocalli of the City of Mexico. Thig structure, as described by the early writers, had the usual pyramidal form, and was somewhat more than 80 feet high with a summit surface of 325 by 250 feet. This summit was reached by a terrace winding spirally five times around I lie pyramid. The great sacrificial stone from this teocalli is still preserved in the City of Mexico. TE'OS (Lat., from Gk. T^us). An ancient Ionian city on the west coast of Asia Minor; on a peninsula projecting into the Gulf of the Cayster, northwest of Ephesus. Here was a cele- brated temple of Dionysus, and a theatre, of which remains still exist, while the walls of the modern town of Sigliajik contain many interest- ing inscribed stones from the ancient site. Teos was prosperous till the Persian conquest, when a large part of its inhabitants withdrew to Ihcir colony of Abdera in Thrace. It was the birth- place of the lyric poet Anacreon. TEOSINTE (Mexican name), Euchlwna Mexi- cana or Eucltkrna Itixiirians. A tall, stout, leafy plant closely related to and greatly re- sembling maize or Indian corn. It is a native of the warmer parts of Mexico and Central America, from whence it has been introduced as a forage crop. In its native habitat it grows rapidly, often attaining a height of 10 to 15 feet in a few months. The stalks bear 'tassels' of staminate flowers, and a number of small, flat- tened, poorly filled ears, the grain of which sel- dom matures farther north than the Gulf States. On account of its extensive tillering (30-50 stalks often springing from a single root) and its very leafy habit, teosinte produces as much green fodder upon a given area as any other grass. The Louisiana Experiment Station reports 50 tons of green forage per acre. The stalks are tender and the wdiole plant is readily eaten by stock. The plants may be cut several times during the season, but a single cutting just before the advent of autumn frosts will yield about as much forage as the more fre(]uent cut- tings. Teosinte withstands drought fairly well and has been successfully grown as far north as Kansas and Pennsylvania, but has not proved satisfactory at the experiment stations of Michi- gan. Vermont. Massachusetts, and Maine. An analysis of the green fodder shows it to contain water, 66.77 per cent. ; ash, ,'?.97 per cent. ; protein. 2.54 per cent.; fibre, 12.3.3; nitrogen-free extract. 13.00 per cent.; and fat, 0.79 per cent. TEPEHUAN, ta'pa-hwiin' (nioimtaineer. or conqueror). A brave and warlike tribe of Piman stock (q.v.) formerly occupying a considerable territory in the Sierra Madre. south of the Taru- mari (q.v.), but now restricteil to the moun- tainous region in the extreme northwestern por- tion of Durango. with adjoining portions of Chihuahua and Sinaloa, Jlexico. In former times they were reputed the bravest people of Mexico, and they still are extremely jealous of their tribal rights. They are an industrious, agri- cultural people, living in houses of logs or stone