Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 19.djvu/177

* TENOR. 137 TENTACULITES. used, but it is not placed on the second line, but second s/jacc, so that the music is read as in the treble clef, but an octave lower. Two classes of tenors can be distinctly recognized, the heroic and lyric tenors (teiiorc robusto, tenore di yruzia). The heroic tenors have something of the sonorous quality of the barytone iu the lower register. TE'NOS, or TINOS, te'nos. An island in the -Egean Sea belonging to the Cyclades (q.v.) (Map: Greece, G 4). It has an uneven surface and covers an area of 79 square miles. On the south coast is the little town of the same name, called also Hagios Nikolaos (Saint Nicholas). It is on the site of the ancient town of Tenos, the remains of whose Temple of Poseidon were laid bare in 1902. The chief industries are wine- making and marble-quarrying. Population of the island, about 12.000. Tenos played an active part in the struggle between the Greeks and Persians, as well as in the Greek Revolution of 1821-27. TENOT'OMY (from Gk. r^vuf, tenon, tendon, from Tiivav, tcinein, to stretch, strain -f tomt}, tome, a cutting, from ri/iveiv, temnein, to cut). The division of a tendon : a surgical procedure which usually has for its object the relief of some variety of deformity by severing a perma- nently contracted muscle at its tendinous portion. The affections in which tenotomy is most fre- quently found useful are club-foot (q.v.), con- tractions of the extremities following paralysis, deformity from contraction of the palmar fascia, wryneck ( q.v. ), ankylosis of the points, and strabismus (q.v.). TENREC (Malagasy namel. An insectivore of the African family Centetidte. Of the seven genera and many species, the best known is the tenree (also spelled "tendrac' and 'tanrcc') . which is about a foot long, and owes its specific name {Centetes ecaudatus) to having no tail. Its hairs are rather spiny, but actual spines appear only in the young. W'hich have three lines of them along the back, shed at the time of the arrival of the permanent teeth. The tenrecs are noc- turnal animals, natives of Madagascar and the Mascarene isles. Three other species exist. They feed mainly on earthworms, ipstivate during the hot season, and produce many young, sometimes more than 20. The flesh is edible, and the ani- mal is so useful in the destruction of worms and insects that it has been introduced into Mau- ritius and Bourbon. See Plate of Porcupines AND Hedgehogs. TENSE. In grammar (q.v.), the change in the form of a verb which marks the time of the action. See Conjig.tiox ; Verb. TENSKWATAWA, ten-skwa'ta-wa. or ELK- SWATAWA, elk-swii'ta-wa (The Open Door) (C.177.")-l^^.'i4) . A Sliawnee prophet, younger brother of Tecumseh ( q.v. ) . He attracted no special notice in his trilje until November, 180.5, when, at the ancient town of Wapakoneta, in what is now northwestern Ohio, lie made public proclamation of a vision during a recent trance, in which he claimed to have been taken up to the spirit world and to have received there a revelation from the God of the Indians, by which they were commanded to return to their primitive condition and customs. In a short time his follow- ers were numliered by the thousands throughout the region of the Ohio Valley and the upper lakes. He was believed to be the living incar- nation of JIanabozho (q.v. ), the great culture god of the Algonquian race. In the spring of 1808 he removed, together with his brother, from Greenville, Ohio, to a more central location on the Wabash just below the entrance of the Tip- pecanoe, the new settlement being familiarly known as 'Projihet's Town.' Here the prophet continued to preach, but the battle of Tipiic- canoe, November 7. 1811, broke his power and prestige. His followers scattered to their tribes until again summoned to battle by the English. Everywhere denounced as a liar and deceiver, he finally found refuge with the Wyandot. On the outbreak of the War of 1812 "he crossed over into Canada, but returned when peace Avas de- clared and rejoined his tribe in Ohio, removing with them to the West in 1827. TENT. A portable structure of canvas, skin, rugs, or other fabrics, designed for shelter. Ani- mal skins and foliage doubtless formed the earli- est coverings, for which textile fabrics were sub- stituted as civilization advanced. In the Book of Genesis the patriarchs are represented as dwelling in tents, probably much the same as the modern Arab tents, large structures, rude in form, of small height, but covering a consider- able space of ground. The early Greek and Mace- donian military tents were small coverings of skin, each tent sheltering two soldiers. The Ro- mans used two sorts of tents, one of canvas, con- structed with two uiiright poles and a ridge pole between them, a type similar to the camp- ing tent of to-day; the other resembling a light hut, a wooden skeleton, covered by bark, hides, mud, straw, or any other material which afforded warmth or protection. This latter type, it may be presumed, was only employed in the w^inter or for the more permanent camps. Each tent sheltered ten soldiers with their decanns. Pos- sibly the tent has reached its highest ])erfection in Persia, where there are many tribes who dwell in tents. They are nearly hemispherical, over a wooden framework, and covered with felt, with worked hangings covering the entrance. The Chinese lower classes also live much in tents, and while their construction is invariably of mat- ting, they are usually of great size and exceed- ingly comfortable in design. The modern mili- tary tents are made of linen or cotton canvas, and latterly since the discovery of khaki (q.v.), and its wide use in military uniforms, tents made of this material have been very largely employed both in England and in America. The largest military tents are those used for hospital purposes. They are oblong in shape with hisrh side walls. The tent most commonly used in mili- tary camps usually is round, about twelve feet in diameter, and ten feet high, affording sleep- ing accommodation to about sixteen men. Many other forms are in occasional use throughout the world, some designed to cover one or two men and so constructed as to be easily carried by the men, others by baggage animals or mules. The 'dog tent' of the United States soldier is a small easily carried contrivance which affords a degree of shelter for one or two men. See En- campment for description and illustration of a United States Army common wall tent. TENTACULITES, len'tak-fi-li'tez (Neo-Lat. noni. pi., from tcntaciilum, tentacle, feeler, from