Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 18.djvu/99

* SHEOL. 75 SHEPLEY. been found which appears to bp the oquivah^nt of the Hebrew sheol, though this view has not been accepted by the schohirs (cf. Jastrow in the American Journal of Semitic Laiu/uagcs, vol. xiv., Chicago, 1898). In poetical hmguage sheol is used as a designation of the tomb, but in reality its signification is the general gathering place of the dead. For the different ideas current concern- ing it. and the development, see the article Hades. SHEP'AKD, C11ARLE.S Upham (1804-80). An American mineralogist, born in Little Conipton, R. I. He was graduated at Amherst in 1824, and later studied chemistry and mineralogy under the elder Silliman at Yale. In 1845 he returned to Amherst, taking the chair of chemistry and nat- ural liistory, which he held until 1852. For the following twenty-five years he lectured on natural history, and in 18V7 was made emeritus jirofes- sor. Jleanwhile in- 1854 he was made professor of chemistry in the Medical College of the State of South Carolina, which chair he held until 1861. Professor Shepard was the author of a Treatise on Hineralogij (1855), and a Report on the (teoUxjieal Hurrey of Connecticut (1837). SHEPARD, Edw.rd Mor.se (1850—). An American lawyer and political leader, born in New York City. He graduated at the College of the City of New Y'ork in 18(39, and entered the law office of Man & Parsons, with the latter of whom he afterwards formed a partnership. He took a deep interest in local politics, wafe ap- pointed a civil service couunissioner, and was for some years counsel to 1J.ie Rapid Transit Commission. In 1901 he was the candidate of Tammany Hall for Mayor of Greater New Y'ork, but was defeated by Seth Low, the Fusion candi- date. He published a number of books and pamphlets, including: Martin Van Buren (1888), in the "American Statesmen Series;" The Demo- cratic Party (1892); The Work of a Social Teacher (1884) ; and Dishonor in American Pub- lic Life (1882). SHEPARD, Elliott Fitch (18.3.3-93). An Anicrican lawyer and journalist, born at James- town. N. Y. He was educated at the University of the Citv of New Y'ork and was admitted to the bar in 1858. At the outbreak of the Civil War he formed the 51st New York Volunteers, known after him as the Shepard Rifles. He himself served as aide-de-camp to. Governor Morgan of New Y'ork and commanded the depot of State volunteers at Elmira. For twenty years after the war he was a conspicuous member of the New Y'ork bar. and in 1876 founded the New Y'ork Bar Association. He founded the American Sabl)ath I^nion and took control of the Fifth Avenue stage line in New York City, in order to put a stop to its Sunday trafTic. 'in 1881 he was appointed, with E. B. Shafer, a commissioner to revise the ordinances of New Y'ork City. In 1888 he acquired control and became editor of the New York Mail and Express, and under his management the character and influence of that journal were greatly improved. SHEPARD, Thomas (1605-49). An English Puritan divine. He was born at Towcester. near Northampton : graduated M.A. at Emmanuel College, Cambridge. 1627; becarpe a preacher; was silenced for non-conformity, and emigrated to Boston. 1635. In 1636 he became pastor of the church in Cambridge as successor of the Vol. XVIII.— 6. Rev. Tliomas Hooker, after whom lie was esteemed the most h'arned tlicologian in New England. He took prominent jiart in founding Harvard Col- lege and was also interested in missionary work among the Indians. Among bis writings, pub- lished during his life, are; New England's Im- mentation for Old England's Errours and Di- visions (1645) ; The Sound lieleever (1645) ; and Theses Sabbaticcv (1649). An edition of liis works in tliree volumes, with memoir, was puli- lislied in Boston, 1853. SHEPARD, William (1737-1817). An American soldier, born near Boston, Mass. En- tering the army at the age of seventeen, lie served as captain under Sir Jefl'rey Amherst from 1757 to 1763, taking part in the battles of Fort William Henry and Crown Point. During the Revolutionary War he particijiated in as many as 22 engagements, and attained the rank of colonel. Subsequently he became brigadier- general of the Massachusetts militia, and as such was conspicuous during Shays's Rebellion, de- fending the Springfield arsenal against the in- surgents. He afterwards became major-general of militia, was a member of the Executive Coun- cil in 1788-90, and served in Congress from 1797 to 1803. SHEPHERD DOG, or COLLIE. See Sueep- DOG.v SHEPHERD KINGS. See Hyksos. SHEPHERD'S CALENDAR, The. A pas- toral poem bj' Spenser (1579) in twelve eclogues, one for each month. In the dialogues of the Shepherds, among whom Spenser appears as Colin Clout, questions of the day are discussed. Sev- eral are jiaraphrases of the eclogues of Clement Marot. and all show the influence of the classical pastoral ]incts, SHEPHERD'S-PTJRSE (Cnpsella, formerly Thlaspi). An annual, very variable, and troulde- some weed of the natural order Crucifera", found almost throughout the world upon almost all soils and in all climates. It attains heights rang- ing from 3 inches to 2 feet, with more or less pinnatifid root-leaves which spread closely along the ground. The flowers arc white and diminu- tive. The pouch, from which the English name seems to be derived, is laterally compressed, and somewhat heart-shaped. The plant usually be- gins to flower and fruit as soon as it is an inch or two in height, continuing throughout the sea- son. It can be eradicated by clean culture. The young leaves and floM'er clusters are often used as pot-herbs. SHEPHERD'S "WEEK, The. Six satirical pastorals by .John Gay (1714), meant to parody the insipid verse of the imitators of Vergil and Spenser. They are, however, such racy descrip- tions of actual country life that they have a dis- tinct literary vtilue. SHEP'LEY, George FoESTER (1819-78). An American soldier and jurist, born at Saeo, Me. He graduated at Dartmouth in 1837, studied law at Harvard, and for a time practiced in, Bangor. In 1844 he' settled in Portland, and fAm 1853 until 1861 he was United States district attorney of IMaine. He entered the Civil War as colonel of the Twelfth Maine Volunteers, and in Febru- ary, 1862. was given command of the Third Bri- gade in General Butler's army. After the fall