Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 18.djvu/94

* SHELBURNE. 70 SHELDON. opposed to tlio measures of the Cabinet in re- gard to the American colonies — in 1765 the Stamp Act. the Regulating Act of the following year, and the coercive measures of 1708 — hated "by tlic King, denounced by his colleagues, he resigned in the latter year, and became a bitter opponent of the King's" and Lord North's policy. He favored conciliation, was for withdrawing the troops from America, and, as late as 1781, said he preferred that the colonies should become free if the only way to restore them to English rule was by force of arras. Upon the fall of Lord North's Ministry in 1782, George III. sent for .Shelburne, and proposed that he should form a Government. He declined, not being the head of a party, and was sent by the King to the JIarquis of Rockingham with an offer of the Treasury, liim- self to be one of the Secretaries of State. Upon the death of Rockingham in the same year the King sent at once for Shelburne, and offered him the Treasury, which he accepted without consulting his colleagues. Fox thereupon resigned, and Shel- burne introduced William Pitt, then only twenty- three, into oflice as his Chancellor of the Ex- chequer. Shelburne's Ministry, on the occasion of the King's announcement of his determination to concede the independence of the American col- onies, found itself outvoted by the coalition be- tween Fox and Lord North. Shelburne resigned, and never held office afterwards. After retiring from public life he indulged his tastes in the adornment of Lansdowne House. Here he collect- ed a splendid gallery of ancient and modern pic- tures, together with a valuable library. Consult Fitzmaurice, Life of William, Earl of Shelhunw (London, 1875-70). SHEL'BY, LsAAC (1750-1826). An American soldier, the first Governor of Kentucky, born near Hagerstown, Md. Before he was twenty-one he was elected deputy sheriff of Frederick Coun- ty, Md., but in 1771 removed with his father to the site of the present Bristol. Tenn., and in 1774 served as a lieutenant at the battle of Point Pleasant. In 1776, during the Revolutionary War, he became a captain, and commissary -gen- eral of the Virginia forces; in 1780 was appointed colonel in the North Carolina militia, and on October 7th served with great distinction at the battle of King's Mountain, which action he seems to have planned. He was a member of the Noi'th Carolina Legislature in 1781-82. serv- ing at the same time in the Southern campaign under General Greene. Settling within the pres- ent State of Kentucky in 1783, he was instru- mental in effecting a separation from Virginia, sat in the State Constitutional Convention in 1791, and from 1792 to 1796 was the first Gov- ernor of the State, serving a second term from 1812 to 1816. With 4000' Kentucky volunteers, raised by himself, he joined General Harrison early in 1812, and rendered the greatest service at the battle of the Thames (q.v.). He retired to private life after the war. SHEL'BYVILLE. The county seat of Shelby County, Tnd.. 20 miles southeast of Indianapolis, on the Blue River, and on the Cleveland. Cin- cinnati. Chicago and Saint Louis, and the Pitts- burg, Cincinnati, Chicago and Saint Loviis rail- roads (Map: Indiana, D 3). The high school building, the courthouse, city hall, and the Carnegie Public Library are noteworthy. Forest Hill Cemetery and the bridges across Blue River are other features. Agriculture is the leading industry in the district. The city has extensive manufacturing interests, the products including furniture, Hour, brick, carriages, glue, soda founts, baking jjowder, mirrors, novelties, and lumber. The government is vested in a mayor and a council, elected every two years. Popula- tion, in 1890, 5451; in 1900, 7161. SHELBYVILLE. The county seat of Shelby Counl.y, Ky., 30 miles east of Louisville, on the Southern, the Louisville and Nashville, and the Chesapeake and Ohio railroads (Map: Kentucky, F 2). It has Science Hill School for girls and the Shelbyville Female College. This city is in a fertile agricultural country, and is the centre of a large tobacco trade and of important cattle- raising and horse-breeding interests. There are tobacco warehouses, grain elevators, and manu- factories of flour and lumber products. Popula- tion, in 1890, 2079; in 1900, 3016, SHEL'DON, Charles Monroe (1857—). An American clerg^s'man, born at Wellsville, N. Y. He graduated at Brown LTniversity in 1883 and at the Andover Theological Seminary three years later. In 1889 he became pastor of the Central Congregational Cliurch at Topeka, Kan. In 1900 he conducted a Topeka daily newspaper for one week in accordance with a policy which he con- ceived to be in keeping with the Christian religion. The undertaking gained very wide pub- licity. Among his numerous publications are: Robert Hardi/'s .S'ere« Dai/s (1892) ; The Cruci- fixion of Philip Strong (1893): His Brother's Keeper (1895) ; In Bis Steps (1896), which at- tracted widespread attention and aroused much criticism; The Reilemption of Freetown (1898) ; and ir/io KUled Joe's Bahijf (1901). SHELDON, Gilbert (1598-1677). Archbishop of Canterbury. He was born at Ashbourne, Derbyshire. He graduated from Trinity College, Oxford, in 1617, and became fellow of All Souls', and was ordained in 1622. His earliest patron, the Lord Keeper, Thomas. Lord Coventry, whom he served as domestic chaplain, secured for him the prebendaryship of Gloucester (1632), and in- troduced him to the King, for whom he became chaplain after filling a number of minor vicar- ages. In 1634 he was elected warden of All Souls' College, Oxford. He supported the Royalist cause throughout the Commonwealth period, at the beginning of which he was ejected from his wardenship and imprisoned with Dr. Henry Hammond (q.v.). He was released in a few months and spent the time of Cromwell's ascendency in retirement in Staffordshire and Derbyshire, whence he sent pecuniary support as well as admonition to the exiled Charles II. In 1659 he was reinstated in his wardenship. and at the Restoration was made dean of the Chapel Royal. In 1660 he be- came Bishop of London, and in 1663 succeeded Dr. .Tuxon as .rchbishop of Canterbury. In 1667 he was made chancellor of Oxford, but was never installed, nor did he ever visit Canterbury for the ceremony of installation as Arehbishoji. He made many notable public gifts, among them the 'Sheldonian Theatre' at Oxford. He also built the librarv' at Lambeth Palace, and con- tributed £2000 toward rebuilding Saint Paul's Cathedral after the great fire. Consult his Life in Wood's Alheiife Oxonienses. also Burrowes' Worthies of All Souls' (Cxford, 1874).