Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 18.djvu/91

* SHEEP-DOG. 67 SHEFFIELD. on the tail, and long and bushy on the hips. Color ranges ironi black and tan to tan and white, or all white; and the dog's weight varies from 45 to G5 pounds; females from 40 to 50 pmnuls. The ears are small and in repose arc folded, but when alort thrown up and drawn together on the top of the sUuU. Tlicre being no brow on this breed, the eyes are necessarily placed obliquely. The general expression of the collie is that of great beauty in outline and pose, slrengtli, activity, and attention. See Plate of HuxTi.Mi AND Watch Dou.s with article Dous. The smooth-coated collie has the general character of his more popular brother, with a dense, sliort. Hat coat of good texture, with an abundance of overcoat, but not a particle of feathering on legs, tail, or ears. He varies in color, and in its distriliution, more than the long- coated one. Before the days of the railroad he was essentially the cattle drover's dog. The Welsh Bob-Tailed Collie. This variety, long known in Wales, but rarely seen elsewhere, is the largest of the collies, being 25 inches high at the shoulder. It has a shaggy, blue-gray coat, and a tail inclined to be short, and in- variably cropped in infancy. The Old Engllsh Stieep-Dog. This race is akin to the Welsh collie in build and coat, and is bob-tailed. It is thick-set, has a shaggy iron- gray, white-marked eoat, with a waterproof un- der-fur, and its ears are carried flat on the side of the head. The Pomeranian Sheep Dog. Though else- where bred as a house pet, .small and useless, in its own home on the shores of the Baltic this dng is the local sheep-tender. He has a fox-like face and very long hair. In color he ranges over a wide scale, but black or white is most com- mon, and the average weight is about eight pounds. It is better known as the 'Spitz dog.' The Schipperke (schipper-kee). This is to all intents and purposes a short-coated, bob- tailed Pomeranian, commonly kept by the boat- men of Holland and the Rhine as a guard-dog, and it is unapproachable in that capacity. The English and American standard for these dogs calls for a black coat, but in Holland fawns and whites are very popular. Two sizes are recog- nized, one from 9 to 12 pounds in weight, and another from 12 to 20 pounds. Consult .authorities cited under Dog. SHEEP-LAUREL. See Kalmia. SHEEP-LOUSE, or Sheep-Tick, or (in Scot- land) Kaid. a reddish-brown fly ( Melopliaf/us ovinus) of the family Hippoboscida". It lives among the wool of sheep, 'and particularly of lambs, sucking the blood of the aninuil, and is most abundant in the early part of summer. It is wingless and somewhat resembles a tick, and where it fixes its head in the skin <a large tumor is formed. The female hatches eggs and nour- ishes the five to eight larvae within her own body, until just before they pass into the pupa state, when they are deposited, oval-shaped and shining, and fastened to the wool of the sheep. Farmers use various washes or 'dips' for the destruction of this pest, also pyrethrum powder. SHEEPSHEAD. An American food-fish ( Arrhnsnrquft prnhntocephnhat) of the porgy family (Sparidaf), considered one of the finest for the table found along the Atlantic or Gulf coast of the United States. It grows to a weight of 20 pounds, hut the average is about seven pounds. It has a deep body, marked by seven or eight transverse bands, most evident iu the young. The r^.x. '-^^ ~^^^(^ ■^ BHEEeSHEAD. mouth has prominent incisor teeth which help to give the head a fancied resemblance to that of a sheep. It is a bottom-feeder and lives on shell- fish and small crust.aceans, especially barnacles, and also on seaweeds. The spawning period is from Jlarch to June. Artificial propagation of it is irregularly carried on by the United States Fish Commission. The same name is given in the West to the fresh-water drum {Aplodiiwtus fin(iiiiiens) of the Mississippi Valley, a large sci:T>nid fish which in Texas and Louisiana is well liked. bit in the North is not eaten. It reaches a weight of 50 or 00 pounds, and is silvery gray or dusky with obscure oblique streaks on the sides. It is also called 'gaspergou,' 'croaker,' 'white perch,' and by other local names. Consult Goode, Fishery Industries, sec. i. {Washington, 1884). SHEEPSWOOL. A Florida connuercial sponge (Sponf/ia gossypina), regarded as the best of that region. See Sponge. SHEEP-TICK. See Sheep-Louse; Fokest- Fly: Tick. SHEERNESS'. A seaport and naval arsenal in Kent. England, in the northwestern part of the Isle of Shei>pey, at the confluence of the Thames and Jledway. 11 miles east-northeast of Chatham (Map: England, G 5). It consists of four divi- sions: Blue-Town, Mile-Town, ISIarine-Town, and Westminster. The dockyard was founded by Charles II. It covers 60 acres, comprising wet and dry docks, storehouses, official residences, and naval barracks. An extensive oyster-fishery is carried on in the vicinity. At Garrison Point is the residence of the port admiral. There are a coast guard station and military barracks. Grain, seeds, and oysters are exported. Sheerness was captured by the Dutch under De Ruyter in IfifiT, and here the mutiny of the Nore originated in 1798. Population, 'in 1891, 14,500; in 1901, 18,300. SHEF'FIELD. A manufacturing city in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England, picturesque- ly situated on several hills that slope toward the confluence of the rivers Sheaf and Don. 165 miles north-northwest of London, and 41 miles east of IMancliester (Map: England. E 3). It possesses many fine public buildings, such as the original parish church, erected in the reign of Henry I.. 240 feet long by 130 feet hro:>d: Saint Mary's Catholic Church, surmounted by a tower 200 feet high; the town-hall (erected 1891) ; cutlers'