Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 18.djvu/906

* SZEGEDIN. 792 SZUJSKI. trade in grain, wool, tobacco, lumber, etc., both by rail and river, the Theiss being lined with quays. Boat-building is extensively carried on. New Szegedin lies on the opposite bank. Szegedin was fortified by the Turks, who held it from 1526 for 160 years. Population, in 1890, 87,410; in 1900, 102,991, mostly Catholic Magyars. SZEGSZABD, sek'siird. A town of Hungary, capital of the County of Tolna, on the right bank of the Danube, 84 miles south of Budapest ( Jlap: Hungary, F 3 ). The town produces an ex- ceptionally fine red wine. Population, in 1900, 13,895, mostly Catholic Magyars. SZEKLERS. See Traksylvania. SZELL, s.il, KoLOMAN (1843—). An Hunga- rian statesman, born in Gosstony, and educated at Budapest and Vienna. Entering local politics in 1807 and Parliament the next year, he so dis- tinguished himself by his financial interpellations that in 1875 he was ofl'ered the portfolio of finance by Wenckheim. He retained it until 1878, when he retired because of his disapproval of the Bosnian occupation. He then became president of a great financial institution in Budapest, re- fusing every inducement to reenter the Cabinet until the fall of BAnffy in 1899, when he rose to the head of the Government as Jlinister of the Interior and president of the Council. He re- tired in .June. 1903. SZE-MA KWANG, se'ma'kwiing', or SSU- MA KUANG (1019-86). A distinguished Chinese statesman and historian, born in Hia, a district of Ho-nan. At nineteen he entered the public service, rose rapidly, became president of the Hanlin Yuan (q.v.), and a Jlinister of State. He is specially noted for the persistency and the vigor of his opposition to Wang An-shih (q.v.), "the innovator.' Failing to induce the Em- peror to dismiss Wang and repeal his reform, Sze-ma retired to private life, and devoted him- self to literature and especially to the prepara- tion of his History of China (B.C. 403 to a.d. 960). in 294 books, called the Compreliensive Mir- ror for the Aid of Those Who Govern. In 1085, on the death of the Emperor, he was taken into favor by the Empress Regent, was reinstated in oflfice, and at once set about the repeal of the reforms of Wang, but he died in the following year. Besides the Comprehensive Mirror, he was the author of the Ki-lu-lu. or Investigations into Antiquity, in 20 books, which extends to a.d. 1067, an etymological dictionary, and many mis- cellaneous essays. See Remusat. Xoiiveaiix ile- Uingcs asiatiques (2 vols., Paris, 1829), and Giles, Chinese Literature (New York, 1901). SZE-MAO, se'mou'. A town in the south- western part of the Province of Yunnan. China, situated 185 miles southwest by west of Y'un-nan- fu. The trade of Sze-mao is almost entirely with Burma and Tibet. The town was opened to for- eign residence and trade in 1897. Population, estimated at 14,000. SZE-MA TS'IEN, se'ma' chen'. or SSTJ-MA CH'IEN (C.145-C.S5 B.C.). The first great his- torian of China. He was bom in Lung-miin, in Ho-nan, made great progress in learning while still a child, and at twenty began a great tour of the Empire. On his return he entered the public service, and was commissioned to inspect and re- port upon the regions now known as Sze-chuen and Yun-nan, then recently conquered. On the death of his father in B.C. 110 he succeeded him as historiographer, and entered upon the task of completing the great historical work which had been begun by his father. This he accomplished B.C. 91, but the work did not appear until some j'cars after his death. It is entitled Shih Ki, or "Historical Records," and in 130 books gives the history of the country from B.C. 2697 to B.C. 104. For specimens of his stj'le, see Giles, Chinese Lit- erature (New Y'ork, 1901). SZENTES, sen'tesh. A market-town of the County of Csongrad, Hungary, on a tributary of the Theiss, 28 miles north by east of Szegedin (Map: Hungary, G 3). The town formerly suf- fered from inundations, but is now protected by a number of large dikes. Agriculture and fish- ing are the principal pursuits, and wine is ex- ported. Population, in 1890, 30,797; in 1900, 31,308, mostly Lutheran Magyars. SZIGLIGETI. sigTi-ga'ti, Eduahd (1814-78). An Hungarian dramatist, whose real name was Joseph Szatmary. Born at GJrosswardein, he studied engineering, bvit in 1834 went on the stage at Buda and in 1837 became secretary and stage manager of the newly erected national theatre at Pest. Of his numerous dramas sev- eral were crowned with prizes by the Academy, among them Rihsa, Tdndor szineszek (Itinerant Actors), Bcldi Pal, Laczfi Imre. and Bela IV., but the greatest success attended his popular plays drawn from national life, many of which found their way also to the German stage, notaldy The Deserter, Two Pistols. The Csikos, The Foundling, and others. Besides his excellent .1 dnima es rtilfujai (The Drama and its Species, 1874), he ptiblished biographies of Hungarian actors (1878). He was a member of the Acad- emy and of the Kisfaludy Society, and, since 1874. director of the National Theatre. SZILAGYI, se'Iad-ye. Sa>dor (1827-99). An Hungarian historian, born at Klausenburg, and educated there and at Maros-VAsarhely. In 1867 he was appointed secretary in the Ministry of Public Instruction, and in 1879 was made libra- rian of the University Library at Budapest. He founded the Hungarian Historical Society, of which he was secretary until his death, and of whose organ, Szdzadok ("The Centuries"), he was editor. He was the moving spirit in the revival of historical interest which took place in Hungary after 1849. published many mono- graphs himself, and edited or projected works of importance. Of these may be mentioned the Monnmenta Comitialia Regni Transylvaniw. in twenty-one volumes; a collection of papers from Hungaro-Turkish sources in nine volumes ; and a national history in ten volumes (1895-98). SZOLNOK, s61'n6k. A town of Hungary, the capital of the County of .Jazygia — Great Cimiania — Szolnok, 57 miles southeast of Budapest, on the right bank of the Theiss, at the mouth of the Zag^'va (Map: Hungary. G 3). On March 5, 1849, the Austrian General Karger was defeated here bv the Hunearians. Population, in 1890, 21,0941 in 1900, 25,379, mostly Catholic Magyars. SZtrjSKI, shwis'kl. .J6zef (1835-83). A Po- lish historian and dramatist, born at Tarnov, Galicia. He studied in Cracow and Vienna, be- came associated with Tarnovski in the estab- lishment and redaction of the Przeglad Polski in