Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 18.djvu/830

* SUSANNA. 728 SUSSEX. the early days of the Babylonian captivity there lived a woman, Susanna by name, who was cele- brated for her beauty and" her virtue. She was the wife of Joiaehim, a wealthy and respected man, and daughter of a priest, Hilkiah. Two elders, who were also judges and held in high rejiute, were seized by desire for Susanna, and, meeting each other unexpectedly in Joiachim's garden, agreed to coerce her. Susanna refused to listen to them, and in revenge the elders accused her of adulterous relations with a young man who had lied when surprised by their sudden appearance. She was condemned to death on this evidence, but Daniel, then a very young man, appeared and undertook to prove Susanna's inno- cence. By questioning the witnesses apart and showing discrepancies in their testimony he succeeded. The people applauded Daniel and put Susanna's accusers to death. There is noth- ing to warrant the supposition that the story was originally written in Hebrew or Aramaic. In most manuscripts it precedes the first chapter of the Book of Daniel, and so we find it in the old Latin and Arabic versions; but the Septua- gint, the Vulgate, the Complutensian Polyglot, and the Hexaplar Syriae place it at the end of the book, and reckon it as the thirteenth chap- ter. Consult: Ball, in the Speaker's Aiiocri/pha, vol. ii. (London, 1888) ; Fritzsche, Apokryphen (Leipzig, 1871) ; ZJickler, Apokryphen des Alten Testaments (Munich, 1891); Kautzsch, Apokry- phen nnd Pseudepigraphen des Alten Testaments (Tubingen, 1899 et seq.). SUSEMIHL, zoo'ze-mel, Franz (1826-1901). A German classical scholar, born at Laage, in Mecklenburg-Schwerin. He was appointed pro- fessor of classical philologj' at the University of Greifswald in 1856. Among his works the moat valuable are: Die genetische EnticiekcUing der Platonischen Philosophie (185.5-60) ; text editions of Aristotle's Politics (with German translation, 1879): the Ethica yicomachea. (1880); and a Geschiehte der grieehischen Litteratur in der Alexandrinerzeit (1891-92). The last work is regarded as one of the most popular and trust- worthy treatises on the subject. SUSO (ziKJ'zft). or SEUSE, Heinrich (c.1295- 1306). A German mystic. He was born at Ueberlingen. Baden. At the age of thirteen he entered the Dominican Order and spent most of his life in monasteries at Constance and Ulm. He was impulsive and an enthusiastic disciple of Eckhart (q.v.), but gives the master's speculative ideas a spiritual expression. He was truly called 'the sweet' Suso on account of his poetry and child-like religion. He was not a member of the Brethren of the Free Spirit, as has sometimes been supposed. His Autobiography and his Book of Everlasting ^yisdom have been translated into many languages, and are both of unique impor- tance for the study of the psychology of mysti- cism. He died at Ulm, and was beatified by Gregory XVL in 1831. Consult Diepenbrock, Ueinrich f!uso : Leben nnd Schriften (Regens- burg. 1829, 1837. and Vienna, 1863). A more critical edition of Suso's works is that by De- nide (Augsburg, 1878), and there is an English translation (London, 1865). SUSPENSION (Lat. suspensio. from sxts- pendere, to hang, from sub, under + pendcre, to hang). A term in music. A note is said to be suspended when it is continued from one chord to another to which it does not properly belong, and to a proper interval of which it must eventu- ally be resolved. SUSPENSION BRIDGE. See Bridge. SUSPENSOR (ML., that which suspends, from Lat. suspendere, to hang). A special, usually filamentous organ developed by and at the base of the embryo, which is thereby related more etl'ectively to its food supply. The sus- pensor chiefly appears among seed-plants, its largest development occurring among the coni- fers. See Embryo. SUSPICIOUS HUSBAND, The. A comedy by Benjamin lloadly, produced in 1747. Strick- land, the husband, is made jealous by the in- trigues of two attractive visitors in his home, in which he fancies his wife involved. SUSQUEHANNA, sus'kwe-han'a. A river draining the greater part of Pennsylvania (Map: Pennsylvania, E 4 ). It rises in Otsego Lake in central New York, and flows southward in three large zigzag bends across Pennsylvania and into Marjdand, where it empties into the north- ern end of Chesapeake Bay at Havre de Grace after a total course of more than 400 miles. It is almost throughout a shallow, swift, and un- navigable stream, but its whole course is through very picturesque country as well as through some of the most populous industrial and mining regions. After flowing through the northern plateau it enters the anthracite dis- tricts of the Appalachian valley. First it fol- lows one of the western longitudinal valleys, and then turning to the southeast it breaks through all the Appalachian ridges, after which it trav- erses the more open but still picturesque Pied- mont plain. It receives its chief tributaries from the west, the Chemung, which joins it near the New York boundary, the large West Branch, 200 miles long, and the Juniata. Its lower and mid- dle course is followed by a lateral canal, but its only importance as a waterway is for floating lumber. The traffic along its valley is carried chiefly by the railroads which follow its course throughout its length. The chief cities on its banks are Harrisburg and Wilkesbarre in Penn- sylvania, Port Deposit in Maryland, and Bing- hamton in New York. The principal city on the West Branch is Williamsport. SUS'SEX. A southeastern maritime county of England, bounded on the north by Surrey and Kent, on the south by the English Channel", and on the west by Hampshire (Map: England, F 6). Area, 1458 square miles. Population, in 1891, 550,446; in 1901, 005,052. The South Downs traverse the county from west to east, ending about 20 miles east of Brighton, in the lofty cliff of Beachy Head, and the northern escarp- ment of the Downs leads down to the fertile and richly wooded district of the Weald. The chief rivers are the .^run, Adur, and Ouse. which rise in the north of the county, and flow south into the Channel. A remarkably productive tract of land extends west from Brighton along the coast to the Hampshire border; and in the southeast of the county the rich marsh lands that line the coast make excellent pasture grounds. The Down-lands are covered with a fine, short, and delicate turf, on which the well-known breed of Southdown sheep are pastured. The principal industries of the countv are agricxilture and cat-