Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 18.djvu/812

* SUPPE. 710 SUPREMACY. Fatinitza (Vienna, 1876), Boccaccio (1879), Das Modetl (posth., 1895). He also composed considerable instrumental and sacred music. He was one of the most popular of the world's light opera composers, and a musician of no little genius. SUPPLE JACK {Bercliemia volubilis) . An American twining shrub of the natural order Ehamnacese, which is found as far north as the Dismal Swamp in Virginia. It has oval leaves, small flowers, and violet-colored berries, and ascends to the top of the highest trees. The name is also given in the West Indies and trop- ical America to Serj-ania lueida and Serjania trachygona, shrubs of similar habit which belong to the natural order Sapindacese. The stems are used for walking-sticks. SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEEDINGS. Cer- tain proceedings under codes and practice acts designed to discover property of a judgment debtor and apply it to the satisfaction of the judgment. The order directs the debtor to ap- pear and submit to an examination under oath as to his property. Most acts provide for the appointment of a receiver where property is found. Consult New York Code of Civil Pro- cedure. See Execution. SUPPLIANTS, The- (Lat. SuppUces, Gk. 'I/cMSfs, Hih elides). (1) The earliest of the extant plays of ^Eschylus, of uncertain date. With but slight plot or dramatic action, it pic- tures the arrival of the fifty daughters of Danalis on the shore near Argos, their prayer to the King of Argos for protection, the appear- ance of the ship bearing the fifty sons of .rEgyp- tus, and their repulse by the King. (2) A tragedy by Euripides, produced about B.C. 420. Theseus and the Athenians, entreated by the mothers of the dead chiefs, after defeat- ing the Thebans, oblige them to surrender the bodies of the slain Polynices and his allies, to whom they had refused burial. The funeral of the chiefs, the burning of Evadne on the pyre of her husband, Capaneus. and the patriotic and political references provide the interest lacking in the simple plot. SUPPORTERS (from support, OF., Fr. sup- porter, from Lat. supportarc, suhportare, to sup- port, from suh, imder + portare. to carry). In heraldry, figures placed on each side of an armo- rial shield. See Heraldry. SUPPOSITORY (Lat. suppositorium, from supponcrc, subpoiicre, to put beneath, from sub, under + poncre, to put, place). A solid medi- cated compound intended to be introduced into the rectum, vagina, or urethra, either for the purpose of causing an evacuation of the bowels, or for its specific effect on inflamed mucous jiiem- brane. Suppositories are made in several shapes - — conical, cylindrical, or spherical — and in sizes adapted to the orifice they are intended to enter. In consistency they are such that they remain solid at ordinary temperatures, but melt slowly at the temperature of the body. The basis of most suppositories is cocoa butter. With this are incorporated one or several ingredients, such as carbolic acid, tannic acid, belladonna, mor- phine, opium, cocaine, and lead, SUPPURATION (Lat. suppuratio. snbpura- tio, from suppurarc, subpurnrc, to form pus, from sub, under + pus, white viscous matter from a sore). A morbid process which takes place in animal tissues, resulting in the forma- tion of pus. It is a frequent termination of in- flammatory processes and is due to invasion of the inflamed tissues and their exudates by pyo- genic organisms. (See Pus; Lnflammation.) White blood cells escape into the neighboring tissue after passing through the walls of the blood vessels, and become pus cells. If they escape to the surface and there is an open wound, the wound is said to suppurate. If they are confined to a circumscribed area below the sur- face, the collection of pus cells and broken down tissue is called an abscess (q.v.). SUPRALAPSARIAN. See Infkalapsarian. SUPRARENAL (from Lat. supra, above + renalis, relating to the kidneys, from raws, kidneys) CAPSULES and their' Diseases. The suprarenal capsules are two small, flattened, glandular bodies of a j'ellowish color and cres- centic shape, situated, as their name implies, im- mediately in front of the upper end of each kid- ney. In weight they vary from one to two drams. They belong to the class of ductless glands, and on making a perpendicular section each gland is seen (like the kidney) to consist of cortical and medullary substance. The blood-vessels and nerves of the glands are exceedingly numerous. The capsules are also called the suprarenal bodies or the adrenals. The suprarenal bodies are subject to inflamma- tion, to atrophy, and to invasion by malignant processes, but all of these occurrences are ex- tremely rare. The only morbid process that oc- curs with any frequency is tuberculosis. This process is the causative factor in the production of Addison's disease (q.v.), a rather rare and usually fatal affection characterized by anaemia, general languor, feebleness of the heart's action, irritability of the stomach, and bronzing of the skin. The dried and prepared suprarenal substance of animals constitutes a powerful and valuable astringent and luvmastatic. See Obg.xotheeapt. SUPREMACY, Rotal (OF. suprematie, Fr. suprdmatie, from OF. supreme, Fr. supreme, su- preme, from Lat. supretnus', highest, superlative of superus, high, from super, Gk. vir^p, hyper, Skt. upari, Goth, vfar, OHG. jibar, nber, ubiri, AS. ofer, Eng. over). A phrase specifically applied to the relation of the sovereign of England to the established Church of that coun- try. During the Reformation the supremacy of the Pope was abolished in England, and the act passed in 1534 declared the King to be the "only supreme head on earth of the Cluirch of Eng- land." The Government at the same time issued an explanation of this language to the effect that it was intended to recognize in the sovereign the authority of a governor without spiritual juris- diction, and not to "take any power from the successors of the Apostles that was given them by God." Lender Queen INIary this Act of Supre- macy was repealed in 1554. but this repeal was itself repealed by Queen Elizabeth in 1559, who, however, did not make use of the words 'supreme head.' In her injunctions she explained the su- premacy of the Crown to be "that which is and was of ancient time due to the Imperial Crown of this realm, that is, under God to h.ave the sovereignty and rule over all manner of persons born within those her realms of what