Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 18.djvu/805

* SUNDEW. 703 SUNFLOWER. all on one side. The leaves of this and the feeding and breeding habits arc similar to those of other species are fringed and beset in all parts with hairs, which bear at their extremity viscid 6TJNDE1V {Drosera rotundifolia). glands, which fold up when irritated, imprisoning insects and digesting them through the action of enzymes secreted by the plant. Consult Dar- win, Inscclivorous Plants (1875). SUN-DIAL. See Dial. SUN-DOGS. See Halo. SUNDSVALL, si.ins'val. A seaport in the Liin of Wester Norrland, Sweden, 28 miles south the fresh-water liass (q.v.) . See Plate of Dakters A.M) Sl NTLSil ; and cdii.svilt .Ionian and Kvurman, I'ishes of North- uitd Middle America (Washing- ton, 1900), and the authorities there cited. (2) One of the strange oceanic fishes of the family Molidic, related to llie Diodontid;c; cspe- ciallj' Mola mola, which seems to be composed of a huge head with small iins attached. (See Plate of KocKFi.sii, Sunflsii, ktc.) They reach a weight of 300 to 1.500 ])Ound.s. are scaleless, dull in color, clumsy, and often lie inert like a huge gray blanket on the surface of the sea sunning themselves and bending with the move- ments of the waves. The young are more fish- like, and were long considered entirely separate. They are of no use as food. There are about six species, one of which {Ranzania trunrata) is called 'king of the mackerels.' Consult Dean, Fishes Ijiving and Fossil (New York, 1895). (3) The threadlish (q.v.) (Alectis ciliaris). SUNFLOWER (probably so called from its yellow radiate disk), llelianthus. A genus of large herbs of the order Composita-, containing numerous, mostly perennial species, all natives of America. The common sunflower (Eclianihus annuus), an annual, one of the most important species, is a native of the tropics, where it some- times attains a height of 20 feet and produces flower heads from 1 to 2 feet in diameter. In. temperate climates it grows from 5 to 8 feet high. This species has become widely dis- tributed throughout the United States as a weed, especially in the West and the Southwest. It was introduced into Europe aliout the middle of the sixteenth century. In Eg^-pt, India, and Southern Europe, especial!}' in Russia, the plant is grown for its seeds, which are eaten like nuts, and their oil, which is used for culinary purposes. The oil is also used in the manufactiire of varnishes on account of its dr^-ing properties, which, however, are inferior to those of linseed oil. It is also used in soap-making and other manufactiires. Sunflowers are cultivated sorae- Avhat in the United States and Canada for orna- ment, for forage, and for seed. On light, well- drained, well-tilled, and fertile soil a yield of by west of Hernosand, on the Gulf of Bothnia from 30 to 50 bushels of seed per acre may be ob- nt ,-, Ti -_ 1 r i. _„i-_, t^.iiiie(j_ xi]g preparation of the soil and its sub- sequent cultivation is similar to that for corn, but the distance between plants in the row should be from 12 to 10 inches. From 10 to 15 pounds of seed is required per acre. The heads are har- vested shortly before they are thoroughly ripe to prevent loss of seed. Before storing they are (Map: Sweden, G 5). It is known for its exten sive lumber interests, and is engaged in ship- building and the manufacture of iron and steel. Population, in 1901, 15,087. SUNFISH. The name of a variety of fishes; also given by sailors to jellyfish. ( 1 ) In the United States a group of numerous and familiar fishes of streams and ponds, related to carefully dried to prevent molding. The seeds are the bass, and forming several genera of the threshed out with flails. Atehage Composition of Sumflower Products. Water Protein Fat NitroKen- free extract Crude flbrt- Ash per cent. 85.2 86,1 8.6 10.8 per cent. 1.7 1.9 16.3 32.8 per cent. 1.0 1.5 21.2 9.1 per cent. 6.2 5.6 21.4 27.1 per cent. 4.0 3.8 29.9 13.5 per cent. 1.9 Heads 1.1 Seed 2.6 Sunflower seed cake 6.7 family Centrarchidae (q.v.). All are of small size, six to ten inches long, oval in shape, and much compressed. All are excellent eating. They are brightly colored, especially in the breed- ing season, and may be known by the black flap to the posterior edge of the gill-cover. Their The whole plant and the seeds have been used to a limited extent as a feeding stufT, especially mixed with horse beans and corn fodder for mak- ing silage. The seed is frequently fed to poultry. The oil cake is fed especially in Northern Europe to fatten animals.