Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 18.djvu/804

* SUNDAY-SCHOOLS. 702 SUNDEW. Teaching and Teachers (Philadelphia, 1884), the standard manual for the thorough study of the work of the teacher; Vincent, The Modern Hun- day School (New York, 1887), a comprehensive detailed outlining of the school itself; id., The Church School and Normal Guide (ib., 1889), deals with the character of the institution and methods of Bible study and teacher-training; Schauliler, Ways of Working (New York, 189.5), practical hints out of a varied experience; Fos- ter, A Manual of Sunday School Method-s (Phila- delphia, 1899) ; Peters, Practical Handbook on Sunday School Work (Philadelphia, 1900); Oxtill. The Organized Sunday School (Nashville, 1901); Hamill, The Sunddi/ School Teacher (Nashville, 1901) : Pattison, The Ministry of the ,Bunday School (Philadelphia, 1902) ; Blackall, Our Sunday School Work and Eow to Do It (rev. ed., Philadelphia, 1902); Schauffler, Pas- toral Leadership of Sunday School Forces (Nash- ville, 1903). SUNDERBUNDS, soon'der-bunz. A name apjdied to the islands forming the delta of the Ganges. See Sundarbans. SUN'DEKLAND. A seaport in the County of Durham, England, 14 miles northeast of Dur- ham, at the mouth of the Wear (Map: England, E 2). It is one of the great coal-shipping ports of the world. Shipbuilding is an important in- dustry. Machinery, glass, earthenware, ropes and chains, anchors, and other iron wares are ex- tensively manufactured, and fishing is carried on to a considerable extent. In the vicinity are rich coal mines, of which the Pemberton, 2286 feet deep, is said to be the deepest in existence. On both sides of the river are extensive wet docks, much of the area of which has been re- claimed from the sea. The harbor, defended by batteries, is formed by two great piers, one 650 yards and the other 590 yards in length. Sun- derland is a well-built town with broad streets. There are a fine town hall, an assembly hall, handsome club houses, a lai'ge infirmary, and a spacious workmen's hall. The public park con- tains 70 acres. The town came under the Mu- nicipal Corporations Act in 1835. The borough was extended in 1867 and again in 1895; it in- cludes the townships of Bishopwearmouth, Monkwearinouth, and Monkwearmouth Shore. The Monkwearmouth portion of the town dates from a monastery of the seventh centur.v. in which the Venerable Bede spent most of his life. Population, in 1891, 131,686; in 1901, 146,565. SUNDERLAND, Charles Spencer, third Earl of (1674-1722). An English statesman. He was the second son of the second Earl of Sunderland, and became Lord Spencer on the death of his elder brother in 1688. In 1700 he married Lady Anne Churchill, second daugh- ter of the Earl of Marlborough. In 1702, on the death of his father. Spencer succeeded to the title. Through the influence of Marlborough, Sun- derland obtained several important posts, and became a member of the famous Whig Junta, which for a time controlled the whole Govern- ment. In 1720 Sunderland brought about the es- tablishment of the notorious South Sea Company (q.v.). When the crash came it was found that Sunderland had received a bribe of £50.000 from the company, and though he was acquitted by a party vote, he had to resign his offices. He re- tained, however, considerable infiuence until his death. Sunderland seems to have been a dis- agreeable and treacherous politician. He was a collector of rare books, and a patron of Addison ana other men of letters. SUNDERLAND, Jabez Thomas (1842—). A Unitarian minister, born at Howarth, in Y'orkshire, England. He was educated at Madi- son (now Colgate) University, Hamilton, N. Y''., University of Chicago, and Union Baptist Theo- logical Seminary of Chicago. From 1886 to 1895 he edited the Unitarian Monthly. He visited India in 1895-96. He is author of A Rational Faith (1878) ; What is the Bible? (1878) ; The Liberal Christian Ministry (1889); Home Travel in Bible Lands (1894); The Bible: Its Origin, Groivth, and Character, and Place Among the Sacred Books of the World (1893) ; The Spark in the Clod: A Study in Evolution (1902). SUNDERLAND, Robert Spencer, second Earl of (1640-1702). An English statesman. He was the only son of Henry Spencer, who was raised to the peerage in 1643. After some diplomatic ser- vice abroad he was made a member of Temple's reformed Privy Council of thirty members, and was one of the smaller inner Cabinet with which King Charles II. habitually conferred. Sunder- land at first supported the Duke of Y'ork and then labored for the Exclusion Bill, which was to exclude the Duke from the succession. Thereby he lost the favor of Charles and his position in the Privy Council (1680). In 1682 he was restored to royal favor through the influence of the Duch- ess of Portland, mistress of Charles II., and the French Ambassador Barillon, and unscrupulously advocated the disgraceful French connection. He remained in office until the accession of James II., when his influence in the Ministry became greater than ever. Although there is reason co believe he gave some encouragement to Mon- mouth in his rebellion, he managed, with con- summate art, to obtain the entire confidence of James, and in 1685 became Lord President and principal Secretary of State. In 1687 he pri- vatelj' conformed to the Roman Catholic Church, and afterwards openly professed his conversion. Y'et we find him about this time in correspond- ence with the Prince of Orange, afterwards Wil- liam III. With profligate but masterly dexterity he contrived to deceive both his master and Barillon, and to keep them in ignorance of the events that were passing in Holland. When the Prince arrived in England, Sunderland and his wife went to Amsterdam, whence he wrote to the new monarch, claiming his favor and pro- tection on the ground that he had all along been in his interest. In 1691 he was allowed to return to England, and in 1697 was made Lord Chamberlain. Popular indignation, however, compelled him to resign within a few months. He spent the rest of his days at AI- thorpe, where he died September 28, 1702. SUNDEW (so called from the dew-like drops exuded, especially in the sunlight), Drosera. A beautiful and interesting genus of about seventy- five species of plants of the natural order Dro- seraceae, several species of which are natives of American bogs, etc. A common species is the round-leaved sundew (Drosera rotundifolia). Its leaves all spring from the root, and spread out in a rosette, from the centre of which springs the flower-stem or scape with a raceme of flowers