Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 18.djvu/782

* SUKASAPTATI. 680 STJLLA. curiosity, and the parrot tells the story as far as the dilemma, which he asks her to solve. Unable to do this, slie promises to remain at home that night on condition that the parrot will tell her the answer the following evening. In this way she is kept faithful until her hus- band returns. The story is very popular in India and has been translated into Persian as the Tutinamnh. The Sukasaptati exists in two recensions. The shorter one was edited (Leip- zig. 1893) and translated (Kiel, 1894) by Schmidt, who also edited (Munich, 1898) and translated (Stuttgart, 1899) the longer version. Consult Schmidt. Uehcr die ISukasaptati (Halle, 1898). SUKH AVATi. sook-hti'va-te' ( Skt.. blissful ). The 'Land of Bliss' into which those Buddhists are reborn who put their trust for salvation in Amitabha Buddha, the Buddha of boundless light, life, and mercy, invented .by the founders of the Northern or Mahayana (q.v. ) School. It is situated in some far distant w^orld in the west- ern quarter of the universe, separated from this world by tens of millions of Buddha worlds, and is juesided over by Amitabha. Here there is no difference between gods and men. and sexual dis- tinctions are imknown. There is no more toil, no hunger, nor pain of any kind, no thirst, and neither summer nor winter, no day, no night; no heat to scorch, no cold to chill ; no sin. no suffering, no distress of any kind; no torments, and no prisons for punisliment. To at- tain to rebirth in this jraradise the per- formance of good works in this life is not neces- sary. Simple trust in the mercy of Amitabha is sufiicient. It may even be attained by repeat- ing the name of Amitabha two, three, four, five, six, or more nights before death. Among the common people this doctrine of a pure land of practically unending bliss has superseded the doctrine of Nirvana (q.v.). SULEIMAN, S(5o'ln-miin. A Turkish sultan. See ,SoL V.MAN 1 1. StTLEIMANIEH, su-la'ma-ne'ye. A town of the Vilayet of Mo-sul, Turkey in Asia, 93 miles south of Bagdad, east of the Euphrates Eiver. It commands several trade routes to Persia. Population, about 15,000. SULEIMAN PASHA, soo'lft-man' pasha' (c. 1840-92). A Turkish general, born at Con- stantinople. He was trained at the military school in Constantinople. entered the army,and at- tained the rank of major in 1867, when he served in Crete. In 1873 he was a colonel and instruc- tor in the military school, of which he later became sub-director, with the rank of general of brigade, in 1874. He took part in the deposition of Abdul Aziz, May 30, 1876, and was made general of division by Amurath V. In 1877 he was made marshal. In the early part of the Eusso-Turkish War (q.v.) he fought against Gen- eral Gurko, whom he defeated at Eski-Zaghra (.July 31-August I, 1877) and forced to retreat into the Balkans, failing, however, in his desper- ate attempts to make himself master of the Shipka Pass. From October to December he commanded the Turkish Army of the Danube and was then intrusted with the command of the Turkish forces south of the Balkans. At Philip- popolis, January 15-17, 1878, he was decisively defeated. This misfortune led to a heavy sen- tence of imprisonment, but he was afterwards pardoned. SULFONAL. See Sulphonal. SULIMAN (soo'le-man') MOUNTAINS. A range of mountains in the northeastern part of Baluchistan, near the borders of the Punjab, India (Map: India, A 2). It forms part of the eastern boundary of the great Iranian Plateau, toward which it sends numerous spurs, while on the east it falls .steeply into the Indus Valley. Its highest point, the Kaisargarh, has an alti- tude of 11,320 feet. SULINA, soo-le'na. The central arm of the delta of the Danube (Map: Balkan Peninsula, G 2 ). Thovigh not the largest in volume, it is the principal channel for navigation and has been made navigalile for the largest vessels by means of large jetties and other engineering works con- dxicted since 1858 by the International Danube Commission. At the mouth of the channel lies the little town of Sulina. whose harbor is a free port from which II.4II vessels, aggregating 1.830,000 ton.s, cleared in 1901. SULIOTES, soo'le-dts. A tribe of Turkish subjects of mixed Greek and Albanian blood, who derived their name from the Suli ilountains. near Parga, in Epirus, to which they fled from the Turks in the seventeenth century. Their per- sistent opposition to Turkish rule brought them into constant trouble and won for them a reputation for bravery and patriotism. Over- come in 1803 by Ali Pasha of .Janina, they left their mountains and fled to the islands off their native shore. In 1820 Ali Pasha invoked their aid in his fight for the inde- pendence of Albania. The forces of the Sultan were victorious and drove some of the Suliotes to their old mountain retreats, but more to the island of Cephalonia. Later they are found war- ring on the side of Greek independence, their most celebrated leader being Marco Buzzaris (q.v.). Many of them have migrated into Greece. Consult: Perrhaebos, History of Suli and Parga (London, 1823) ; Liidemann, Der Suli- otenl^rieg (Leipzig, 1825). SULLA (Eediisariim coronariiim). A peren- nial leguminous fodder plant, native of Southern Italy and similar ^Mediterranean regions, where it has been in cultivation since about 1766. It is a leafy plant four to six feet tall, bearing numerous clusters of showy flowers. In the United States the seed is usually .sown with fall wheat or oats in well-prepared soil, and after the removal of the cereal crop in the spring the sulla develops rapidly and by June is ready to cut. Sulla ranks with alfalfa as a forage crop, but does not seem as well adapted to the South as alfalfa. It is said to be preferred to alfalfa in more tropical regions, since it is better adapted to tropical conditions, but because it is sus- ceptible to frost it is adapted to few regions of the United States. SUL'LA, LUCIU.S Cornelius (snrnamed Fe- lix) (n.c. 138-78). A celebrated Roman general and statesman, born at Rome of a family belong- ing to the clan Cornelia. In B.C. 107 he was elected qufestor. and sent to Africa with cavalry that the consul Marius (q.v.) required for prose- cuting the Jugurthine war. He rapidly acquired a series of important services by inducing Boc- chus, the Mauretanian King, to surrender Ju-