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* STUBBS. 640 STXJCLEY. Bishop of Chester in 1S84, and Bishop of Oxford in 1889. He died in London. His historical work was all of the careful modern type, based on faithful study of contemporary documents, many valuable specimens of which he edited. His Historical Introductions to the Rolls Series have now been rendered generally accessible by publication in one volume (ed. Hassall, London, 1903). Other notable works are: Screnteen Lec- tures on the Htudij of Mediceval and Modern Eistory (18SG; 3d ed. 1900) : and Councils and Ecclesiasiical Documents lielating to Great Britain and Ireland, edited with A. W. Haddan (1869-73). A volume of Ordination Addresses appeared after his death (1901). A complete list of his historical works may be found in Gross, Sources and Literature of English His- tonj (New York, 1900). STUCCO (It., from OHG. stucchi, Ger. Stiiek, AS. stijcee, piece, patch ; connected with OHG. stoc, Ger. Stock, AS. slocc, Eng. stock, stake, club, Skt. tuj, to thrust). A composition used for the finer parts of plaster-work, such as cornices and enrichments. Gypsum (q.v. ), or plaster of Paris, is used for this purpose. A coarser kind of stucco is also used for making floors, and for plastering the exterior of build- ings. Tlie Greeks used stucco to give a liner surface to their coarse stonework, even in their columns; before the finer marbles were used. The Romans also in the temples they built after the Greek manner in the late Republic stuccoed nearly all their exterior surfaces. This stucco was made parti}' of marble dust, was extremely fine and of a liard and brilliant finish, equal to marble. Stucco was also used for more artistic purposes in late classic art. While wet it was fashioned into ornamental or figured low reliefs. Ceilings and walls in baths (e.g. Pompeii and Roman therma'). tombs (on the Via Latina). and private houses have preserved these decora- tions under the Empire, probably from Alexan- drian models. Those found near the Farnesina in Rome and now in the Museo delle Terme are among the most charming decorative works of any period. Early Christian art continued the style, as is shown hy the well-preserved internal decoration of the baptister}- of the cathedral in Ravenna. It was not unknown to the Middle Ages, witness the angels in the church at Hil- desheim, and it again became popular during the Renaissance, being profusely used in the ceil- ings of the later period, often with Rococo de- signs. STUCK, stuk, Frakz (1863-). A German painter and sculptor, one of the leaders of the so-called Secessionists (q.v.). Born at Tetten- weis, Bavaria, he studied at the Munich Academy under Lindensclnnit, and became first known through his drawings for the Fliegeiide Blatter, and the two series of art-industrial designs which appeared in Vienna under the titles Alleijoricn and Etnhleme and Titel und Yignetten, rugged rather than refined, but full of vitality and bold in treatment. His first paintings. "The Guardian of Paradise," "Innocentia." and "Fighting Faims,' exhibited in Munich in 1S89, were awarded the gold medal, initiating a series of artistic successes attendant upon his well-known landscapes enliv- ened with centaurs, fauns, and nymphs, and his impressive delineations of human passions, of which the figure of "Sin" ( 1893), Eve enfolded by a huge serpent, and, on a larger scale, the alle- gory of "War" (189-t), both in the Pinakothek at Munich, have become particularly famous. In the meanwhile he had painted "Expulsion from Paradise," a "Pieta" (1892), and "Crucifixion" (1892, Stuttgart iluseum), a startling deviation from the traditional treatment of this subject. A marked progress in the artist's power of ex- pression was shown in "The Sphinx" (1895, Na- tional Museum, Budapest), "Evil Conscience" (1890), and "Procession of Bacchants" (1897). His plastic work, all small figures in bronze, ex- hibits the same powerful realism in the treat- ment of form as do his paintings. A character- istic example is tlie statuette of a "Faun" (Na- tional Gallery, Berlin; replicas Kunsthalle. Ham- burg, and National Museum, Budapest). Consult the monographs by Bierbaum (Leipzig, 1899)) Meissner (Berlin, 1899), and Weese (Vienna, 1903) ; also Schultze-Naumburg, in Magazine of Art, vol. XX. (London, 1896-97). STUCKELBERG, stu'kd-berK, Ernst (1831- 1903 ) . A Swiss genre and landscape painter, born in Basel. He studied under Dietler of that city, and in Antwerp, Paris, Munich, and Italy. In 1809 he won the gold medal at JIunich. Among his pictures may l)e mentioned" "A Procession in the Sabine Mountains" (1859, Basel), "The Chil- dren's Service" (1867), and "Charcoal Burners in the Swiss Mountains" (Zurich). In 1877 Stiickelberg was commissioned to execute a large symbolic fresco, "The Awakening of Art," for the Gallery of Basel. He also won a competition, in the same year, for designs to fresco the Tell Chapel on the Lake of the Four Cantons. The work was completed in 1887. STUCKENBERG, sti.ik'fn-berg, John Henry WiLiiURN (1835-1903). An American Lutheran clergyman and author, born at Bramsche, Hano- ver. He emigrated to America with his parents when a very young man and settled in the West, was graduated from Wittenberg College, Ohio, in 1857, and studied in the universities of Halle, Giittingen, Berlin, and Tubingen. Coming back to America, he was ordained a Lutheran minister and held pastoral charges in Pennsylvania and Iowa. In 1873 he was made professor of the- ology in Wittenberg College, but in 1880 went to Germany again, where he became pastor of the American Chapel in Berlin. After many years in this service he returned to America and took up his residence in Cambridge, Mass. His later years were largely devoted to the study of theoretical sociology, to which he made valu- able contributions. His chief works are: Hisiory of the Augsburg Confession (1869); Christian Sociology (1880); Life of Immanuel Kant ( 1882 ) V and Sociology ( 1903 ). STUCLEY, stilk'ii. or STUKELY, Thomas (c. 1525-78). An English adventurer. He was the third son of Sir Hugh Stucley of Devonshire. About 1552 he went to France, and there gained the favor of the King. Henry II., who sent him to England to obtain information to be used in a projected attack on Calais. Stucley, however, revealed the nature of his mission to the Ens- lish Government, but. instead of being rewarded, was imprisoned in the Tow'cr. In 1563. with the patronage of Queen Elizabeth, he pretended to join RibauU's colonization expedition to Florida, but instead turned privateer, and seized many French, Spanish, and Portuguese vessels. After