Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 18.djvu/708

* STRAMONIUM. 612 STRANGULATIOIT. little vised. All parts of the plant have a dis- agreeable smell. STRANAHAN, strau'a-an, James Samuel Thomas (1808-98). An American contractor and pliilautliropist, born in Peterboro, N. Y. He was successivel}' school teacher, surveyor, and trader, and then became a railroad contractor in Newark, N. J., gradually acquiring large interests in the companies by accepting stock as payment for construction. He removed to Brooklyn in 1844 and until his death was closelj- identified with the city's commercial expansion and public improvement. From 1800 until 1882 he served as president of the Brooklyn Park Commission. His greatest achievement was the planning and build- ing at an enormous cost of Prospect Park, one of the largest and most beautiful civic parks in the United States. In 1891 Brooklyn erected a statue of him at the main entrance to Prospect Park. STRAND. See Rope; Knotting and Splic- ing. STRAND, The. An important business thor- oughfare of London, so named because it led tlirough the marshy land bordering the former banks of the Thames. It extends from Charing Cross to Temple Bar, and in the sixteenth cen- tury was bordered by the mansions of the no- bility, some of which survive in the names of various streets and buildings. It contains a number of theatres and newspaper offices, and is at all times busy and animated. STRANDBERG, strand'bar-y', Kakl Wil- liELM AuGiLST (1818-77). A Swedish poet, born in Sudermanland, and educated at Upsala and Lund. The greater part of his earlier writ- ing was of a patriotic nature. His works show gr«at purity of form and depth of patriotism. Under the pseudonym Talio Qualis he published Sanger i punsar (1845); Vilda Honor (1854); and his Saiiilade vittcrhetsar tcten (1877). He translated Byron's Don Juan and selections from Moli&re. STRANGE, Sir Robert (1721-92). A Scot- tish engraver. He was born in Kirkwall, on one of the Orkney Islands. He made an attempt at law, but drawing claimed his chief attention, and he became an apprentice to Richard Cooper, at Edinburgh, for six years. To gain the hand of Isabella Luminsden, he joined the rebel army at the time of the Jacobite uprising, and after its defeat he was rescued by his lady-love, who hid him under her hooped skirt from the officers in search of him. and continued singing over her needlework. After their marriage, in 1747. he went to Paris and studied dry point under Le Bas. He made an improvement upon this process that gave a more beautiful finish to the engravings. He moved to London in 1751, de- voting himself to historical engravings, but a refusal to engrave the portraits of the Prince of Wales and Lord Bute in 1759, supposedly for po- litical reasons, was the cause of his departure for Italy. There his welcome was most cordial and he was made a member of the Academies of Rome. Florence, and Bologna, and professor of the Royal Academy at Parma. During a sub- sequent stay in Paris he was made a member of the Royal Academy of Painting. After his return to London in 1780 he made his peace with the reigning family by his engraving of West's "Apotheosis of the Princes Octavius and Alfred," and was awarded the honor of knight- hood in 1787. Strange's engravings are chiefly after the great Italian masters, including Guido Reni, Salvator Rosa, Raphael, and Correggio, and after Van Dyck. Though often defective in draughtsmanship, his work is characterized by grace of line and the excellenej' of his rendition of the flesh. Consult: Dennistoun, Memoirs of Sir Robert Strange (London, 1855) ; introduc- tion to JMarshal Keith's Memoir (ib., 1843) ; and the Life by Woodward prefixed to Twenty Mas- terpieces of Strange (ib., 1847). STRANGE, Robert (1796-1854). An Ameri- can lawyer. He was born in Virginia; was I'ducated at Hampden-Sidney College; studied law, and after his admission to practice, settled at Fayetteville, N. C. He served as a member of the Nortli Carolina House of Delegates in 1822-23 and 1820, was judge of the Superior Court 1820- 30, United States Senator 1836-40, and some time later Solicitor of the Fifth Judicial District. The Indian legends of the region about Fayette- ville were attractively related in his novel, en- titled IJoiirgiisli : or, the Cherokee Chief. STRANGE CASE OF DOCTOR JEKYLL AND MR. HYDE, The. A story by R. L. Stevenson (18S0). It illustrates the "struggle between good and evil in a human soul. Dr. Jekyll is a physician of excellent standing, but with concealed propensities which by secret in- dulgence have developed his lower nature into an almost distinct individual known as Mr. Hyde. By a powerful drug he has learned to transform himself at will into this terrible, debased crea- ture, wlio commits hideous crimes. At last the power of the evil side of his nature gains the ascendency. Dr. Jeykll, without the intervention of the powder, becomes transformed into Mr. Hyde, and, unable to regain his better self, kills liimself in despair. STRANGLES ( from strangle, OF. estrangler, Ft. itrangler, from Lat. strangulare, from Gk. arpayyalav, strangalan, arpayyaAii^eiv, strangali- zein, to strangle, from sTfia-j'yd^?/, strangale, halter; connected with arpayidc, strangos, twist- ed, Lat. stringcre, to draw tight), Distempek, or Colt-Ill. An infectious disease of the horse, ass, and mule, most frequently observed in young animals, cspeeially pure-bred. The animal seems dejected, has a capricious appetite, dry, staring coat, reddish eyes, and accelerated pulse and breathing. After about two days a cough and a nasal discharge are noted. A large puffy abscess is developed under the lower jaw. which opens later to the outside. Abscesses sometimes develop in other parts of the body. Light cases require little treatment except proper care and dieting, the opening of the abscesses, and the alleviating of fever Avhcn excessive. STRANGULATION. The mechanical con- striction of the neck so as to prevent the passage of air and to suspend respiration, and conse- qiiently life. Strangulation may be produced by throttling or hanging. Death is sudden when the obstruction to respiration is complete, but other- wise it is gradual in its onset. In hanging, espe- cially in judicial executions where a long drop is used, death is probably due to fracture of the cervical vertebrae, with compression of the me- dulla oblongata, the seat of the nerve centre controlling respiration. When breathing has been interrupted for only a short time, and there