Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 18.djvu/686

* STOLEN GOODS. 590 STOMACH. a bona fide purchaser even if they have been stolen from their lawful owner. See Negotiable Papee. To constitute the crime of receiving stolen goods, the goods must have been stolen and not acquired by embezzlement or false pretenses. The receiver ninst cither know that they have been stolen or have reasonable grounds for believing that they have been unlawfully taken from their owner. The crime becomes complete when the receiver takes them into his possession or they are taken for him with his knowledge by a servant or agents. If the goods after being stolen come back into the possession of the owner or are delivered to the receiver by the owner's authority, they cease to be stolen goods, and the crime of receiving cannot be committed with reference to them. In England it early became the law that if goods were stolen in one county and carried into another by the thief, he was deemed to have committed larceny in both counties, and could be indicted and placed on trial in either. As the offense, wherever committed, was an offense against the same sovereignty, this rule as to larceny amounted simply to a convenient method of dptermining the place of trial. The English courts refused to apply the rule where goods were stolen in a foreign country and brought to England. Courts in many of the United States have somewhat illogically applied this rule to the several States, holding that if goods are stolen in a sister State and then brought within the State larceny is committed in both States, notwithstanding the fact that the original offense was committed against an in- dependent sovereignty so far as the administra- tion of the criminal law is concerned, and that the having in possession of stolen goods is a very difl'ereiit offense from the larceny of the goods. A few States, as Ohio, have refused to follow this rule, and one, Vermont, has applied the rule to goods stolen in other States and brought within the State, but has declined to follow it in case of goods stolen in foreign countries, (See L.RCEXT.) The crime of receiving stolen goods is now generally defined by statute and the punishment imposed varies in the different States. In most States the offense is deemed a felony. See Cbime; JmiSDiCTiox. STOLP, stolp. A town in the Province of Pomerania, Prussia, on the Stolpe, 12 miles from the Baltic Sea, and 65 miles west by north of Danzig (Map: Prussia, G 1), The fourteenth- century !Marienkirche, with its lofty tower, is worthy of note. The towTi has an old castle. Its .most important industries are amber turning and carving, and linen weaving. Machineiw, furni- ture, leather, and cigars are also manufactured, Stolp was a member of the Hanseatie League, and belonged to the Dukes of Pomerania until 1637, when it passed to Brandenburg, Popula- tion, in lOnO, 27,272. At the mouth of the Stolpe lies Stolpmtinde, the port of Stolp, with a population of about 2000. STOLTENBERG - LERCHE, stol' ten - berK - lerK'c, Vincent, See Leeche, Vincent Stolten- BEEG, STOLZ, stolts, Friedrich (18.50—). An Aus- trian classical philologist, born at Hall, in Tvrol, and educated at Innsbruck and Leipzig. He established himself as doceut at the University of Innsbruck in 1879, and was appointed pro- fessor in 1887. Besides his great work, the first volume of the Bistorische Grammatik i((lkomposHion (1877); Sttidien zur hiteinisclien Vcrhalfle.rion. (1882); Lateinische Laut- und Formenlehre (in Miiller's Handhuch, 3d ed. 1899) ; Homeri Odi/sscw Epitome (1S93) ; EnUinekehiiuj der indogermani'schen Sprach- wissensehaft (1899); and an ethnographical study. Die Urhevolkerung von Tirol (2ded. 1892). STOMACH (Lat. stomachus, froin Gk. crS/xaxog, throat, gullet, stomach, from CTdfixi, stoma, mouth). The principal organ of digestion, receiving the food through the cesophagus, and, after certain digestive changes have taken place, emptying it into the intestines, where the proc- ess is completed. The stomach is iiTegularly conical, cur^■ing somewhat upon itself so that the lower curvature is much greater than the upper curvature. The size varies accord- ing to the amount of food received, but when empt.v the walls are in apposition. It lies in the left hypochondriac and epigastric regions, behind and partl.v protected by the ribs and in close relation with the left lobe of the liver and the diaphragm. The stomach has an external peritoneal coat, a muscular coat consisting of longitudinal, circular, and oblique fibres, a sub- mucous or areolar layer, and a lining mucous membrane. In this mucous membrane are the so- called pyloric and peptic glands, which secrete the gastric juice necessary for the digestive processes carried on here. The main blood supply is through the gastric artery, and the nerve suppl.v is derived from the pneumogastric nerves and the sympathetic system. See Aliment.4RT System; Digestion; Food; Gastbitis; Rumi- nant, STOMACH, Diseases of the. The organic diseases of the stomach with constant lesions in- clude gastritis ( q,v, ), ulcer, erosions, and can- cer. The 'functional' diseases, with variable lesions, include hyperchlorhydria, gastrosuc- corrhoea, achylia gastrica, and isochymia. Ulcer of the stomach is usually characterized by a deep circimiscribed loss of substance of the mucous membrane lining the stomach, refusing to heal, and occasioning pain, vomiting, and hemorrhage. The cause cannot always be as- signed, although the affection is of so frequent occurrence as to be found, either active or cica- trized, in about 5 per cent, of all persons who go to autopsy for all diseases (Brinton), It is twice as frequent in females as in males, and occurs most generall.y during middle life. Its mortality is most frequent between the a.ses of forty and sixty. While annemia seems to play some part in the causation of ulcer, it is deemed more probable that hyperacidity of the gastric .juice is more often accountalile. Ulcers generall.v occup.v the posterior svirface, the lesser cuiwature, and the pyloric sac, When they heal they leave behind depressed scars with contractile tendency, pro- ducin,sr, when at the pylorus, a stricture. When they do not heal, corrosion of neighboring blood- vessels may ensue, with hemorrhages, possibly fatal; or there may arise adhesions to neighbor- ing organs, or perforations. The symptoms named increase in severitv till death occurs from