Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 18.djvu/683

* STODDARD. 587 STOICS. Glimpses of Gibraltar and Tangier (1892) ; and other books of travel. STODDARD, Charles Warren (1843—). Au Amciican traveler and author, born at Rochester, N. Y. As a youth lie «as in hxisiness in San Francisco, Cal., and in lSii4 visited the Hawaiian Islands, where he subsequently lived for long periods. He traveled mucli about the world from 1S73 to 1S7S as correspondent of the San Francisco Chronicle. In 1885 and 1886 he was professor of English at Notre Dame College, Ind., then spent some time in travel, and became lecturer on English literature in the Catholic University at Washington. D. C. His books were chieflv poetry and sketches of travel, and in- clude": Poems (1SG7); ^oiith Sea Idyls (1873); Summer Crtiisinri in Ihe South Sea (1874); Mashallah! A Flight into Egypt (1880); The Lepers of Molokai (1885); A Troubled Heart, and Eow It Was Comforted at Last (188,5); Ilnwaiian Life ; or, Lazy Letters from Low Lati- tudes (1894); The Wonder Worker of Padua (1896); A Cruise Under the Crescent (1898); Oicr the Rocky Mountains to Alaska (1899); In the Footprints of the Padres (1902); Exits and Entrances (1903). STODDAKD, Richard Henry (18251903). An American poet, critic, and journalist, born at Hingham, Mass. He was educated in the public schools of Xew York City, worked in an iron foundry, gainc^attention in 1849 by a privately printed volume of verse. Footprints, obtained a place in the Custom House (1853-70), and was confidential clerk to George B. McClellan (1870- 73), pursuing meantime literature as an avoca- tion as literary reviewer, especially for the yVorld, the Mail, and the Mail and Express. Noteworthy among his numerous publiciitions are: the juvenile Adventures in Fairyland (1853); verses collected in Songs of Summer (1857); The Kinq's Hell, a poem (1862): The Story of Little Red Riding Hood, verse (1864) ; The Children in the Wood, verse (1865) ; Abra- ham Lincoln, a commemoration ode (1865); Putnam the Brave ( 1869) ; The Book of the East, verse (1867) ; The Lion's Cub and Other Poems (1890); and Under the Evening Lamp (1892). A collected edition of his verses was issued in 1880. Stoddard also edited several noteworthy anthologies, among them Melodies and Madri- gals (1865); Poets and Poetry of America (1872) ; Female Poets of America (1874). For many year.s he was an important figure in the literarv life of New York. — His wife. Eliz.beth (Barstow) (1823-1902), collaborated with him in editorial work and wrote three novels. The Morge-sons (1802), Tu-o Men (1865), and Temple House (1867). Her Poems were collected in 1895. Consult Stoddard's Recollections Personal and Literary, ed. bv R. Hitchcock (New York. 1903). STODDARD, William Osborn (1835-). An American author and journalist, born at Homer, N. Y.. and educated at the University of Roches- ter, where he graduated in 1857. After three years of farming and newspaper work in Illinois. where he edited the Chicago Daily Ledger and the Central Illinois Gaectte, and three months' service as a volunteer at the outbreak of the Civil War. he acted from 1861 to 1864 as private secretary to President Lincoln and then engaged in literary work. His publications include: The Vol. XVIIL— 38. Heart of It (1880); Life of Abraham Lincoln (1884) : Lives of the Presidents (10 vols., 1888- 89) ; Table Talk of Lincoln (1892) ; Quirt Ten Fuck (1893); The Su-ordmakcr's Inn (1896); ^yith the Black Prince (1898) ; Lincoln at Work (1899) ; and Jack Morgan (1901). STOD'DART, James Henry (1827—). An American ;u(or, born in Yorkshire, England. He was the son of an actor and during his youth in Glasgow he often took juvenile ])arts with his father. At seventeen he began an independent career, w'inning at length in Liverpool considerable success as a comedian. He came to the L^nited States in 1854 and became a member of Wal- lack's company. Afterwards for a time he played with Laura Kecne ; then with Dion lioucicault; and subseijuently for twenty years was under the management of A. !M. Palmer. Even in com- parative youth, Stoddart was best known in 'old man' parts. Among his most popular characters were jlr. Moneypenny in The Long Strike, Colo- nel Preston in Alabama, the curate in Saints and Sinners, and, later, Lachlan Campbell in The Bonnie Brier Bush (1901). Consult: Stod- dart's own Recollections of a Player (New Y'ork, 1002) ; JIcKay and Wingate, Famous American Actors of To-day (New York, 1896). STOD'DERT, Benj.min (1751-1813). An American soldier and Caliinet officer. He was born in Charles County, Wd., joined the Conti- nental Army in 1776, became a captain in Janu- ary, 1777, and was severely wounded at Brandy- wine in September, resigning his command in April. 1779. He then served as secretary of the Board of War until 1781, and from 1798 to 1801 was Secretary of the Navy, being the first to discharge the duties of this office, though George Cabot (q.v.), who resigned within a few weeks, was the first to be appointed. His services in connection with the organization of the depart- ment were very valuable. STOHMANN, stiVm:in, FRiEDRicn Karl Adolf (1832 — ). A German agricultural chem- ist, born in Bremen, and educated at Giit- tingen and London. He was Graham's assist- ant at University College from 1853 to 1855, and afterwards assisted Henneberg at Celle. In 18G2 he started the station for agricultural experiments at Brunswick. He was called to Halle in 1865 and to Leipzig in 1871, where he was director of the agricultural physiological institute of the university. His principal investi- gations had to do with the nourishment of ani- mals. He wrote: Beitriigc zur Begriindung einer rationcllen Fiitterung der Wiederkiiucr (1860); Binlogische Studien (1873) : Handbuch der tcch- nischen Chemie (1872 and 1874) ; Handbuch der Zuckerfabrikation (1878); and Die Starke- fabrikalion (1878). STOICS (Lat. stoicus. from QV.i,st6ikos, <TToiK6t, stoikos, relating to a colonnade, stoic, from arda, stoa, colonnade). Tlie name of the school of ancient moralists opposed to the Epi- cureans in their views of human life. The stoical system dates from the end of the fourth century B.C. ; it was derived from the system of the Cynics, whose founder, Antisthenes, was a disciple of Socrates. Indeed, the doctrines, but still more the manner of life, and most of all the death of Socrates, were the chief founda- tions of the stoical philosophy. The founder of the system was Zeno (q.v.).