Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 18.djvu/670

* STILLINGIA. 574 STIMULANTS. queen's delight or yaw shrub, a perennial herb two to three feet high, is found from Virginia to Kansas and south to the Gulf. The root of this plant has been variously used in medicine, fitil- liiiffia sebifenim or sapium, the tallow tree of Cliina, from the fruit of which the Cliinese obtain tallow, and which was introduced into the East and the West Indies, has a trunk and branches lilce the cherry and foliage resembling that of the black poplar. STILL LIFE. The name applied to that branch of art which concerns itself with the representation of lifeless objects such as game, fruits, flowers, vases, and house furniture. See Paixtixg. STILL'MAN, Samuel (1738-1807). An American clergyman. He was born in Philadel- phia, Pa., removed to Charleston, S. C, in 1748, was ordained as a Baptist minister in 17.39, and preaelied first at James Ishind (S. C), then at Bordentown (N. J.), and finally at Boston. He was one of .the incorporators of Brown Uni- versity (1764). He was an exceedingly effective preacher, and Just Ijefore and during the Revolu- tionary War exerted a powerful influence on tlie side of the Patriot Party. Among his published sermons are A ticrmon on the Repeal of the Stamp Act (1766), Election Sermon. (1779), Masonic Discourse (1785), and a Sermon Occa- sioned by the Death of George Wushinr/ton (1799). STILLMAN, William James (1828-1901). An Auiericau journalist, landscape painter, and author. He was born in Schenectady, N. V., and after graduating at Union College took up landscape painting under Frederick Church. In 1849 he studied in England, where he was influ- enced by the Pre-Eaiihaelitcs. becoming acquaint- ed with Turner, whose work he admired, and with Ruskin, whose influence upon his painting was a baneful one. In 1852 he was commis- sioned by Louis Kossuth to go to Hungary to carry away the Crown jewels which Kossuth had hidden during the Revolution. From there he went to Paris, where he studied under Yvon, and continued to practice painting until 18.55, when he adopted journalism as his profession, devoting himself to political and artistic sub- jects. Stillman was United States Consul at Rome ( 1861-65) . and at Crete ( 1865-69). From 1883 to 1885 he was art critic of the Evening Post, and from 1875 to 1885 correspondent on political af- fairs for the London Times. He lived in Italy from 1878 to 1898, after which he retired to Surrey, England, where he died in 1901. His published works include the Cretan Insurrection of ISGG-GS (1874), On the Track of Ulysses (1888), Billy and Hans (1897), Francesco Crispi (1899), a biographical study, and the Autobiography of a Jonrnalist. with many intei'esting reminiscences. His most noted painting is the "Procession of the Pines" (1858). Stillman was also an expert photographer, and published series of views of Athens, the Acropolis, and the temples of Sicily. STILL'WATER. The county-seat of Wash- ington County, Minn., 18 miles northeast of Saint Paul, on the Saint Croix River and Lake, and on the Chicago, Milwaukee and Saint Paul, the Chicago, Saint Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha, and the Northern Pacific railroads ,(Map: Minnesota, F 5). It has a situation of great natural beauty at the foot of the celebrated "dalles' of Saint Croix, clilTs which extend for 30 miles above the city. Stillwater has the Min- nesota vState Prison, a public librarj', a United States Government building, a fine city hall, Stillwater City Hospital, and Saint Joseph's and Saint Mary's convents. The city is known for its extensive lumber interests. There are brewer- ies, foundries and machine shops, grain elevators, a brick yard, and manufactories of flour, wagons, boats, farm implements, boots and shoes, boxes, etc. The government, under the revised charter of 1891, is vested in a maj'or, chosen every two years, and a common council. Stillwater was settled in 1843, was incorporated as a village in 1848, and was chartered as a citv in 1854. Population, in 1890, 11,260; in 1900, 12,318. STILLWATER, Battles of. See Saratoga, Battles of. STI'LO, Lucius ^'Elius Pb.econinus (called also Philologus). A celebrated Roman gram- marian. He was learned in both Greek and Latin and was an instructor of Cicero in rhetoric and of Varro in grammar. His sympathy with the aristocratic party led him to accompany Quintus Metelkis Numidicus into exile at Rhodes in B.C. 100. His works include commentaries on ■the Ajcamenta, or Songs of the Salii, and the Tu-elve Tables, and a volume entitled De Pro- loquiis. The treatise Ad Eerennium, generally found in editions of Cicero, has been conjecturally assigned to him. STILT (Swed. stylta, OHG. stelza, Ger, Stelze, stilt, crutch). A large, handsome, long-shanked shore-bird of the genus Himantopus, related to the avocets. The common Old World species (Himantopus himantopus) is widely distributed. The American species (Himantopus Mexicanus) is common to both continents; and others are known in other parts of the world along sea- coasts. They frequent muddy flats in small flocks, and walk with long, measured steps, seek- ing for food among the reeds, and catching small fishes in the pools and shallows. See Plate of Beach Birds. STILT-BTIG. A plant-bug of the family Berytida-, which includes very slender species with long, thin legs in which the thighs are thick- ened at the tip. Only six species are known to occur in the United States. STIM'SON, Frederic .Jesup (1855—). An American lawj'cr and author, born in Dcdham, JInss. He graduated at Harvard in 1876 and at the Han'ard Law School in 1878, and began practice in Boston. In 1884-85 he was Assist- ant Attornej'-General of JIassachusetts, and in 1899-1001 general counsel to the United States Industrial Commission. He is best known as the author of law books, including American Statute Law (2 vols., 1886), the standard work on the subject; Stimson's Law Glossary (1890); Gov- ernment by Injunction ; Labor in Its Relation to Law (1894) ; Handbook to the Labor Law of the United States (1895) ; and Uniform State Legis- lation (1896). Under the pen-name of "J.' S. of Dale" he also wrote several novels and short stories. STIMULANTS (from Lat. sfimulare. to urge, prick, from stimulus, goad, incitement; connected