Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 18.djvu/655

* STERRETT. 561 STETTIN. professor in the American School of Chissical Studies at Athens. Other publications by him are Qua in re liymni Homerici quinque maiores inter se differunt (1881) ; Inscriptions of Assos; Ins-crii)tions of Trallcs (1885). STER'RY, JosKPii AsHBY-. An English critic. See Ashby-Sterhy, JosErii. STESICHORUS, ste-slk'6-rus (Lat., from Gk. ZTTjirixopoi) (c.ti40-5.5.5 B.C.). A famous Greek lyric poet, born in the Locrian Mataurus, but considered as a Himera^an, since he spent the greater part of his life in the city of liinicra, of which his father seems to have been one of the early settlers. It is reported that he was at first the friend of Phahiris, the tyrant of Agri- gentum. but that later, recognizing the cruel character of that tyrant, he warned his fellow- citizens against his schemes by telling them the fable of the horse that gave himself up to man in order to revenge himself on the stag. The Himer;eans did not listen to his advice and he was compelled to lice tu Catana, where he died. The Himeraeans, however, in later times honored him with a statue which was seen by Cicero; his figure was also stamped on their coins. A famous story connected with Stesichorus relates that he was struck with blindness because of his attack on Helen, but recovered his sight after he had published a recantation in which he declared it was only the shade of Helen, not Helen herself, that went to Troy. In his hands the religious hymn, which had been cultivated by previous lyricists, was some- what secularized. The content also was epic, although the form continued to be that which had been established for mclic verse. He treated in his Destruction of Troy the story of ^Eneas's wanderings, which thereafter .was established in literary tradition. He also employed folk-tales and was the forerunner of the Greek romance in that he established in Greek literature the im- personal love poem, and he was the first to give literary treatment to the Sicilian story of Daph- nis, which was later handled by Theocritus and other bucolic poets. His dialect was a com- bination of epic with Doric. He also contributed to the development of the strophic and epodic striicture of lyric poetry. His poems were writ- ten in strophe, antisti'ophe, and epode, and this arrangement became the norm for lyric poetry, which was thereafter changed only in minor de- tails. The fragments are published by Bergk, Poetce Lj/rici Grceci (Leipzig, 1882). Consult, also: Welclcer, Stesichorus' Kleine Schriften (Bonn, 1884) : Rizzo, Questioni Stesichoree (Messina. 1895). STETHOSCOPE (from Gk. crT^Sot, stethos, breast + ckottuv, skopcin. to view). An instru- ment for e.varaining the heart and lungs through their sounds. In its simplest form, invented by Laennec (q.v. ), the stethoscope consists of a tube of wood, from 10 to 12 inches long, with a flang- ing end to be placed on the chest to receive the sound, an open canal to conduct it, and a broad flat ear piece at the other end for apposition to the ear and excluding extraneous sounds. (See Fig. B.) An improvement upon this is the bi- naural stethoscope, introduced by Dr. Camman of New York, in the form of a binaural or double instrument having an ear piece for each of the ears and flexible rubber tubes connecting them ■with the chest piece. (See Fig. A.) A still finer instrument is the phonendoscope, which con- veys with greater minuteness and intensity. The chest ])iece of the phonendoscope consists of a shallow metal cup covered by a disk of ebonite, with a perforation in the cup for attaching the rulibcr tubes for the ears. From the centre of STETHOSCOPE. A, stethoscope with ear tubes ; B, older form. the disk of ebonite springs a small rod ending in a button, which is placed upon the spot to be auscultated. This instrument is useful in the finer phases of diagnosis, particularly to dis- tinguish between pericardial and endocardial sounds and to detect the fcetal heart. See Aus- cultation ; Eespie.^tory Sounds. STETTIN, stet-ten'. The capital of the Province of Pomerania, Prussia. The city is situ- ated on both banks of the Oder, 17 miles south of the Stettiner HafT, an inlet of the Baltic, and 83 miles by rail northeast of Berlin (Jlap: Prussia, F 2). The district on the right bank of the river comprises the former suburbs of Lastadie and Silberwiese. The site of the town is hilly, and consequently the streets are uneven, but the houses are well built. The extensive fortifications were demolished in 1874. The castle, dating from 1577, formerly occupied by the Dukes of Pomerania, is now a Government building. The Kdnigs-Thor and the Berliner Tlior are interesting sandstone gates built by Frederick William I. Saint .James is an impos- ing thirteenth-century church in the centre of the town, restored in 1897: Saint Peter and Saint Paul is the oldest church in Pomerania, restored 1816-17: and tjie fine new Roman Catholic church (1890) is also worthy of note. Stettin is the most important manufacturing town in Pomerania. Its principal industrial es- tablishment is the Vulcan ship-building yard, employing over 6000 men, and covering 65 acres. There is also a large iron foundry, where all the anchors for German ships are forged. The cloth- ing industry ranks second in importance only to ship-building, and employs over 10,000 men,