Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 18.djvu/574

* STAU^EB. 492 STAMBULOFF. organist of the university and conductor of the t«o musical societies. In 1865 he was made doctor of music, and in 180G became one of the examiners for musical degrees. He succeeded Sir John Goss as organist of Saint Paul's, Lon- don, from 1872 to 1888, when he was knighted by Queen Victoria, and the following year was appointed to the chair of music at Oxford Uni- versity. He was also professor in the Royal College of Music. In 1878 he was made a chevalier of the Legion of Honor. His compo- sitions are nearly all for the church and include the oratorio Gideon, and the cantatas The Daugh- ter of Jairus (1878), Saint Mary Magdalene ( 1883 ), and The Crjicifixion ( 1887 ). Other com- positions include numerous anthems, services, canticles, songs, and primers ; and, in conjunc- tion with W. A. Barret, a dictionary of musical terms (1876, 3d cd. 18S0). His textbooks are among the best in the English language. STAIR, Viscount and Eaels of. See Dalrymple. STAIRCASE-SHELL. A collector's name for the low, conical, handsomely colored tropical shells of the mollusks of the family Solariidse, and especially of the genus Solarium. In this STAIRCABE-SeELLB. l.The common existing: specipa (Sohirium pprspectivum), 2, A fossil form iSolarium Leyerici) from the Upper Cre- taceous of Belgium. genus the umbilicus is widely open, and the sculptured edges of the whorl seen within it are comparable to a spiral staircase. These mol- lusks are related to the wentletrap (q.v.). STALACTITE (from Ok. araXaKrit, stahk- tos, oozing, from o-TaXdo-o-eiv, staUissein, araXd- feiK, stalazein, araXdv, stalan, to ooze) and Stalagmite (from Gk. <rTaXa7/x4s, stalagmos, dripping, from (rroM^eiv, stalazein, to ooze). Elongated masses of lime, chalcedony, or other mineral substances that depend from the roof or rise from the floor of caves. Water impregnated with carbonic acid is able to dissolve lime, and as all rain and surface water contains more or less carbonic aci<l, it takes up in its passage through the earth to the roofs of caves a cer- tain amount of lime. When the water is ex- posed on the roof or floor of the cave, evapora- tion takes place, and so both the bulk of the water and its solvent power are reduced, and a thin pellicle of solid carbonate of lime is de- posited. When this takes place on the roof of the cave, long iciele-like pendants are fonned, which are called stalactites; and when the water drops upon the floor, a stalagmitic layer is formed, which rises at the points where the largest supply of material exists in the form of pillars to meet the overhanging stalactites. STAOiEY, Cady (1840 — ). An American civil engineer and educator, born in Montgomery County, N. Y. He graduated at Union College in 1865, prospected for gold in the foothills of the Rockies, became a civil engineer on the Cen- tral Pacific Railway, in 1867 became assistant in civil engineering at Union, and in 1868 pro- fessor of that subject. From 1876 to 1886 he was dean, and in the latter year was appointed presi- dent, of the Case School of Applied Science at Cleveland, 0. His publications include, besides an edition (1875) of Gillespie's Huads and Rail- roads, Notes on liridye Engineering (1875), Strength of Materials and Hlabihiy of Struc- tures (1876), and The Separate System of Sew- aye (with G. S. Picr.son, 1882). STALK-BORER. A caterpillar which bores commonly into the stems of potatoes, geraniums, spinach, cauliflower, dahlias, corn, and many other plants. It is the larva of a brown noctuid motb (I'apaipema nitela) commonly found throughout the Eastern United States. The whitish brown striped larva bores longitudinally within the stalks, which wilt. When full-grown the,v burrow in the ground, where they pupate until fall, when the moths emerge and hibernate. Man,y other insects bore in the stalks of the plants mentioned. STALKER, stftk'er. Rev. James ( 1848— ). A minister of the Free Church of Scotland, born at Crieft', in Perthshire. He was educated at the L^niversity and New College of Edinburgh, and studied at Halle and Berlin. In 1874 he became minister of Saint Brycedale Church, Kirkcald}', and in 1887 of Saint Matthew's, Glas- gow. In 1902 he accepted the chair of Church history in the United Free Church College, Aber- deen. His works have been widely read through- out the Anglo-Saxon world, and some of them have been translated into several langviages. Among them are: The Life of Jesus (I'hrist (1879) ; The Life of Saint Paul (1884) ; Imago Christi (1889); The Preacher and His Models, lectures delivered at Yale (1891); Men and Morals (1892); The Two Saint Johns (1895); The Four Men and Other Chapters (1892) ; The Christoloyy of Jesais (1899). STAL'WARTS. The name applied to those members of the Republican Party in New York State in 1881 and afterwards who adhered to Senators Conkling and Piatt and were opposed to the Half-Breeds (q.v.), who favored the admin- istration of Garfield. See Conkling, Roscoe. STALYBRIDGE, sta'll-brij. A municipal borough, partl,v in Lancashire and partly in Cheshire, England, on the Tame, 8 miles east of Manchester (Map: England, D 3). It has fine municipal buildings and is noted for its cotton manufactures, which date from 1776; print works, iron foundries, and machine shops are numerous and important. Population, in 1891, 26,800; in 1901. 27,700. Consult Butterworth, Historical Account of Stalyhridge (Ashton, 1842). STAMBUL, stam-bool'. The Turkish name of Constantinople proper (q.v.). STAMBULOFF, stam-boo'lrtf, Stephen (1855- 95). A Bulgarian statesman, born at Tirnova of poor parentage. He studied at Odessa, but was expelled from Russia for complicity in the revolutionary propaganda. Upon his return to Bulgaria he engaged in sevei"al conspiracies look- ing toward the liberation of his coiuitry from the Turks. In 1879 he was elected to the Sobranje, or national assembly, of which he became president in 1884. Stambuloff combated the Russian influence in Bulgaria and lent his support to the annexation of Eastern Rumelia in 1885. He acted as member of the Regency