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* SPAIN. 388 SPAIN. ties receive no compensation for their services and are disqualified from holding oflSce while serving in tlic rarliament. Annual sessions of the Parliament are held; it is summoned by the King, and may be prorogued or dissolved by him, subject to the limitation that the new Cortes nuist be summoned within three months after the dissolution of the old. The sessions are public; each Chamber regulates its own pro- cedure, and is the judge of the election and quali- fication of its own members. Both Senators and Deputies are responsible only to their respective Chambers for any words spoken in debate or votes cast. They are also privileged from arrest except in ease of flagrant crime. The seat of government is Madrid. For purposes of local government Spain is divided into provinces and communes, each with its own elected assembly. The Ayuntamiento or elected assembl.y of the commune consists of from 5 to 39 Regidores and is presided over by an Alcalde chosen from the body of the Ayuntami- ento, except in some of the large towns, where he is appointed by the King. The term of the members of the Ayuntan»iento is four years, one- half the membersliip l)eing renewed biennially. The provincial deputations meet once a .year and are represented during the interval by a perma- nent committee. These two local assemblies have entire control of the local government in their respective jurisdictions and are free from inter- ference of the central Government except when they exceed their powers to the detriment of the general interest. The judiciary consists of a Supreme Court of Cassation, which sits at Madrid; a number of district courts or a)idiencias immediately under the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court; tribunals de partidos below the audiencias; justices of the peace; and numicipal courts. The audiencias serve as courts of appeal in civil matters and as courts of first and last resort for crimes and certain misdemeanors. The tribunals de partidos have jurisdiction in first instance of civil causes and in first and last resort of misdemeanors. They also have appellate jurisdiction in cases de- cided by the inferior courts. The partido is divided into circumscriptions, usually two, in each of which is a jue:: de instruccion, with civil and criminal jurisdiction in cases assigned to them by the higher courts of a Minister. The circumscriptions are subdivided into communes, in each of which is a municipal judge with juris- diction of petty offenses. Colonies. The colonial possessions of Spain are confined to Africa and are represented in the following table: POSSESSIONS Area, sq. miles Population 213,000 9,000 850 100.000 Bat.a (Kio Muni) ami Cape San 302 Fernando l*o, Annobon, Coriseo. Elolicy Chico, Klobey Gninde... 23,709 Total 252.850 124,011 Spanish Government to supply the deficiency for 1!)02, the revenues being only about $19,000. For an account of the colonies, see the respective headings. Weights, Me.a.suees, and Monet. Spain maintains the double gold and silver standard. The unit of coinage is the peseta, nominally worth 19.3 cents or 1 franc, but actually valued at an average of about 14,28 cents. The value of the monej' coined in Spain from 1868 to 1901 was: gold, 920,537,615 pesetas; silver, 1,285,- 010,511 pesetas. Metric weights and measures were introduced in 1859, but in addition to these the old Spanish weights and measures are still largely used. Defe.nse. See Armies and Navies. Population. The population of Spain proper by the census of 1900 was 18,007,674, with a den- sity of 95.5 inhabitants to the square mile. In 1850 it was about 14,000,000. The population in 1900 consisted of 9,087,821 males and 9,530,205 females. Emigration from Spain is chiefly to Brazil. Uruguay, and Argentina, the emigrants in 1900 numbering 03,020. The cities with a population of over 90,000 each are: Madrid, the capital, 539.S35; Barcelona, 533,000: Valencia, 213,530; Seville, 148.315; Malaga, 130,109; Mur- cia, 111,539; Cartagena, 99,871; and Saragossa, 99,118. The following table gives the area and population of each of the 49 provinces according to the census of 1900: The Rio de Oro Colony and Adrar are admin- istered by the Governor of the Canary Islands. The national expenditure on account of the above possessions far exceeds the revenues derived from them. About .$300,000 had to be provided by the PROVINCE Alava Albacete Alicante .lmerla A Vila Badajoz Baleftres (Balearic Islands).. Barcelona Burgros CAcerea Cadiz and Ceuta Canaries (Canary Islands).. rarttelb'in Cinda'i-Heal Ci'irdoba (Cordova) Coruna Cuenca Gerona Granada Guadalajara Guii>fi7,c(>a Hnelva Huesca ■ .Ta^n Le6n L6rida Loj^roiio IjUgo Madrid Malaga Murcia Navarra (Navarre) Orense Oviedo Palencia Pontevedra Salamanca Santander Segovia Sevilla (Seville) Sfiria Tarragona T9ruet Toledo Valencia Valladolid Vizca.va (Biscay) Zaniora Zaragoza (Saragossa) Area, sq. miles Total 194.800 1,176 6,737 2,185 3,360 3,042 8.451 1,935 2,968 6,480 7.6W 2.834 2,807 2,495 7,620 6,299 3,051 6.636 2,264 4.928 4,676 728 3,913 5,848 5,203 5,936 4.690 1,946 3,814 3,084 2.812 4,453 4,0,55 2,694 4,205 3,266 1,696 4.829 2,108 2,636 6.428 3,983 2,505 5,720 5,919 4,150 2.922 836 4.097 6,726 Popula- tion, 1900 237,877 470,149 369,013 200,4.57 520,246 311,049 1,054,641 338,828 362,164 452,659 358,564 310,828 321. ,580 455,859 663,556 249,696 299,287 492.460 200,186 195,850 260,880 244,867 474,490 386,083 274,590 189,376 465,386 775,034 611,989 677,987 307,669 404.311 627,069 192,473 457.262 32n,7('.5 276,1103 169,243 665,2,56 150.462 337,964 246.001 376,814 806,556 278,661 311,361 275,545 421,843 18,607,674