Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 18.djvu/450

* SPAIN. 386 SPAIN. 86,243 tons. Under Government encouragement the production of the sugar beet is growing. Jlore than 30 factories make glass; about 33,000 tons of corks are manufactured every year; and there are over 60 mills for expressing olive oil. The pickling of green olives is an important braucli of industry: in addition to the large home consumption, some 6000 to 7500 tons are annually exported. There are about 400 factories engaged in sardine-canning, with about 16,500 workmen. Commerce. The trade consists chiefly in the export of raw produce and the import of the EXPOHTS DESCBIPTIO.N 1900 1901 1902 $42,413,783 24,431.365 37,78»,873 $43,603,968 21.344,998 32,839,108 $45,006,832 39,114.447 Total $104,634,021 $97,748,074 $105,297,866 The following table shows in greater detail the various classes of goods which entered into the import and export trade, including precious metals, in two years, in pesetas (average value, 14.28 cents) : DESCRIPTION Stone, minerals, glassware, and pottery Metals and their inaiiiifaflures Dnij^s and chemical in'oiliK-ts Cotton and its niaiiulactares. Other vegetable nbres and mannfactures W'ool and hair and their manufactures Silk and its manufactures Paper and its applicarions Timber and its manutacniree Animals and their products Machinery, vehicles, and vessels Alimentary substances, including grain, sugar, wine, etc. Various Gold and silver (bar and coin) Other articles (special) Total Imports Exports 1900 1901 1900 Pesetas 106,480.129 46.849,988 70.340,119 94.211,048 25.224,672 27,061,270 25,280,134 11,345.667 60,846.964 82,320,185 135.198,181 139,238.556 8,398,878 5.566,400 31,443,631 874,806,812 Pesetas 112.(iK6,699 34,952,014 79,990,894 108,225,041 23,396.478 26,466.035 24.333.678 11.682,591 61,716,512 70,867,651 97,563,930 136.222,950 8.214,438 7,987,283 42,574,855 846,776,949 Pesetas 159,124,433 101,422,310 20,154.902 34,056,899 1,308,698 9,780.602 4,979,960 8,463,849 60,068,103 65,498,346 792,952 264,627.966 1,865,811 20,864,768 1901 Pesetas 150,298,609 98.912,374 20.651,895 29,001,162 922,467 11,636,039 6,071,664 8,305.112 47,715.308 61,478,108 797.322 233,476,688 2,192,731 21,612,215 763,589,499 692,070.584 larger part of the manufactures consumed. Wine, minerals, and fruits form the larger part of the The following table shows the distribution of the more important foreign trade in two years: COUNTRY France Great Britain United States Germany Belgium Russia Italy Sweden and Norway Portugal Argentina Cuba Philippine Islands.... Porto Rico Imports from (1899) Pesetas 144.504,896 240.687,682 119.558 539 64.543,730 35.349.215 46.043.435 23.200,446 21 091,476 26,594,170 24.843,715 21.375,477 21,181,983 9,751,437 Imports from (1900) Pesetas 137,386.661 246.107.975 105.834,020 77,792,154 43,017.270 42,663,843 24,015,794 24,783,175 37,271,048 30,653.983 5,336.477 16,849,846 3,227,480 Exports to (1899) Pesetas 213,666.360 279,340,901 13.195,777 25,436,218 28,213.103 1.867.944 15.524.072 2,702.8.59 29,627.197 13,042.623 73,778,216 11,663.148 13,042,623 Exports to (1900) Pesetas 187,750.220 274,801,.514 17.415,050 31,804,682 26,046,872 2,679,615 23,199,680 2,482,.547 32.385.749 12.607,616 56,796.0.64 22,374,782 12,607,616 exports. The imports are chiefly confined to cotton, coal, foodstuffs, textiles, lumber, and machinery. The domestic trade is seriously hampered by nat- ural and artificial ob.stacles. The rivers are navigable only to a very small extent, the canal Bystem is very deficient, the different provinces are separated from one another by lofty mountains, the common roads are very poor, and excessive rates are charged for freightage by rail, Spain's commerce with foreign lands is chiefly maritime, and England and France are the most important factors in it. The imports and exports, exclusive of gold and silver bars, in three years were as follows : DESCRIPTION 1900 1901 1902 $59,589,346 44,654,776 19,883,248 $61,146,277 $63,068,206 37 6G6.176 i 34 89*^ 771 19.790.997 1 16.062,014 Total $124,127,370 $118,503,449 $114,022,991 Cotton, petroleum, staves, and lumber are the chief imports from the United States. The United States sales of raw cotton ^o the mills in the Barcelona manufacturing district averaged 267,- 093 bales in the three years 1000-1902, Wine, fruits, and cork wood are the chief exports from Spain to the United States. The following table shows the value of the total trade with the United States in three years: Imports into Spain.. Exports from Spain. $13,399,680 $16,480,288 $15,511,987 5,950.047 5,409,301 8,270,546 Traxsportatiox and Communications, Much of the domestic trade is carried by coasting ves- sels, as Spain possesses more than 100 harbors large and small on its two seas. The home mer- chant marine is inferior, and most of the ship- ping is under the British and French flags. The merchant marine in 1900 comprised 449 steam- ers of 430,966 tons net and 693 sailing vessels of