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* SOUTHINGTON. 376 SOUTH ORANGE. ington was settled about 1697 and became a sep- arate parish in 1724. It was incorporated as a town in 1779. The borough of tSouthington was incorporated in ISJSU. SOUTH KEN'SINGTON, Xational Art Schools of. The schools of South Kensington (Lx)ndon) were founded in 1S52 for the applica- tion of art to industry. The nucleus of an art in- dustrial museum was also formed. (See South Kensington Museum.) The central school for the systematic training of art teachers and stu- dents in all departments of design was after- wards established at South Kensington. Aid is furnished in the teaching of art in elementary schools, in night classes for artisans, and in regular schools of art. The same body controls the provincial schools connected with South Kensington, which have grown extensively in number since their first establishment. Many national, local, and free scholarships are also open to British subjects. SOUTH KENSINGTON MUSEUM. An im- portant London musuuni, under the charge of the Departnrent of Science and Art of the Commit- tee of Council on Education. It was opened in 1857 and is contained in buildings at Brompton, South of Hyde Park. It includes the extensive Museum of Ornamental or Applied Art. one of the most valuable in the world, with 45.000 works of modern and mediicval art and numerous repro- ductions: the National Gallery of British Art; the Art Library, with 70.000 volumes and nearly 200,000 engravings, drawings, and photographs; the India Museum (q.v.); the National Art Training Schools; and the Royal College of Science. It maintains as a branch the Bethnal Green Museum for the benefit of the working classes in the East End. The museum is visited annually by about 2.000,000 persons. SOUTH KINGSTOWN, kings'ton. A town, including West Kingston, the county seat, and several other villages, in Washington County, K. I., 23 mileii south of Providence; on the New York, New Haven and Hartford, and the Narra- gansett Pier railroads (ilap: Rhode Island, B 4). The Rhode Island College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts is in the village of Kingston ; also a public library with 7000 volumes. Other note- worthy features include the Narragansett Libra- ry, at Peacedale, and the Robert Beverly Hale Memorial Library at Matunuck. Matunuck is a popular watering place. South Kingstown is a rich farming district and also has fishing inter- ests. The leading manufactured products are woolens and worsteds. The first power loom in the United States was established at Peacedale in 1814. Population, in 1890, 3415; in 1900, 4972. SOUTH McAL'ESTER. A town of the Choc- taw Nation. Indian Territory, about 85 miles southwest of Fort Smith. Arkansas: at the junc- tion of the Missouri, Kansas and Texas and the Choctaw. Oklahoma and Gulf railroads (Map: Indian Territory, H 4), There are extensive coal mines. The town is engaged in coke- making and is a centre for wholesale trade. There are cotton gins, a large cotton compress, iron foundries, brick plants, a flour mill, etc. Population, in 1900. 3479. SOUTH MOUNTAIN, Battle of. A battle fought September 14, 1862, during the Civil War, at Crampton's Gap and Turner's Gap in the South Mountain range, near Sliarpsburg, Md., between a Confederate force of about 18,000 under the immediate conunand of Generals McLaws and D. H. Hill, and a Federal force of about 28,000 vuuler the immediate command of Generals Franklin and Keno. The two forces formed parts respect- ively of the Army of Northern Virginia, under Lee, and the Arm}' of the Potomac, under ilc- Clellan, The Confederate troops, who had the advantage of position, resisted with great stub- bornness the advance of the Federals, but were finally driven back, and on the 10th the Army uf Northern Virginia and the Army of the Potomac met at Antietam (q.v.). The loss of the Fed- erals in killed, wounded, and missing was about 1800; that of the Confederates about 2G00. SOUTH NOR'WALK. A city in the town of Norwalk, Fairliuld County, Conn., 14 miles west by south of Bridgeport ; at the mouth of the Norwalk River, on I>ong Island Sound, and on the New York, New Haven and Hartford Rail- road (Map: Connecticut, Bo). Its beautiful situation, on rising ground overlooking the Sound, makes it a very attractive residential city. There are two libraries ; the Public and the Roth and Goldschmidt. South Norwalk has a good liar- bor, and a large coastwise trade is carried on. Its manufactures include hats, locks, and various iron products. The government is vested in a mayor, elected annualTv, and a unicameral coun- cil. The water works and electric liglit plant are owned and operated by the municipality. (For history, see Norwalk.) Population, in 1900, 6591. SOUTH OMAHA, O'nui-h.a. A city in Doug- las County, Neb., adjoining Omaha ; on the Mis- souri River, and on the Union Pacific, the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific, the Burlington and Missouri River, and other railroads (Ma]): Ne- braska, J 2) . It has a public library. South Omaha ranks third among the cities of the United States in its slaughtering and meat-packing interests, being surpassed only by Chicago and Kansas City. In the census year 1900 the five establishments connected with that industry had an invested capital of $15,635,418 and an output valued at $67,716,724. The city government, under the revised charter of 1901, is vested in a mayor, elected biennially, and a unicameral council, and in administrative officials, the majority of whom are appointed by the mayor, with the consent of the council. The board of education, however, is chosen by popular vote and the fire and police board by the State Governor. .South Omaha was settled in 1882 and was incorporated in 1886. Its rapid growth dates from the establishment in 1884 of the L'nion Stock Yards. Population, in 1890. 8062: in 1900. 20.001. SOUTH OR'ANGE. A village in Essex County, N. .1., 4 miles west of Newark : on the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad (Map: New Jerse}', D 2). The main portion is picturesquel.v situated on a gentle eminence facing Orange ilountain. It is a residential suburb of Newark and New Y'^ork. Seton Hall Colle.se (q.v.), a Roman Catholic institution, was opened here in 1856. The village has a public library and a handsome town liall. Popu- lation, in 1890, 3106; in 1900, 4608. South Orange was settled about 1670, and until erected